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JLPTN5
働く☆【はたらくhataraku】 Inflection

godan ~く verb / intransitive verb:

  • to work; to labor; to labour
  • to function; to operate; to be effective; to work (i.e. ... works); to come into play
  • to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate; to do; to act; to practise; to practice
  • to be conjugated - Linguistics term

彼女kanojoたちtachiはha、健一ken'ichiのnoはからいhakaraiでde、町machiのno様々なsamazamana場所bashoでde働くhatarakuことになったkotoninatta。 Thanks to the arrangements made by Ken'ichi, the women found various places to work around town.

おもちゃomochaコンサルタントKONSARUTANTOのno方々katagataがga甲斐甲斐しくkaigaishiku働くhataraku姿sugataがgaとてもtotemo印象的inshoutekiでしたdeshita。 Seeing the briskly working toy consultants also left a strong impression.

JLPTN5
つけるtsukeru☆《点ける》 Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

学生gakuseiはha音楽ongakuをwoかけkakeながらnagara勉強benkyouをwoするsuruことkotoがga多いooiしshi、家ieのno中nakaでde仕事shigotoをwoしているshiteiru人hitoはha孤独kodokuにならぬninaranuようにyouniテレビTEREBIやyaラジオRAJIOをwoつけるtsukeruのnoがga普通futsuuであるdearu。 Students often study with music playing in the background, and people working around the house will usually turn on the television or radio to keep them company.

JLPTN5
なくすnakusu☆《無くす・失くすirr.》 Inflection

godan ~す verb / transitive:

  • to lose (something); to mislay
  • to get rid of; to eliminate; to remove

タイポTAIPOみるmiruとto答えるkotaeru気kiなくすnakusu。 When I see typos I lose interest in answering.

そのsono国kuniのno財政zaiseiのno赤字akajiをwoなくすnakusuにはniha、もっとmotto、たくさんtakusanのno外国gaikokuのno援助enjoをwo注ぎ込まsosogikomaなければならなかったnakerebanaranakatta。 To get the nation's economy out of the red, more foreign aid had to be pumped in.

JLPTN5
鳴く☆【なくnaku】啼く Inflection

godan ~く verb / intransitive verb:

  • to sing (bird)
  • to make sound (animal); to call; to cry; to chirp
  • to make a meld call (e.g. pung, kong) ［鳴く］ - Mahjong term

おんどりondoriよりもyorimoめんどりmendoriのno方houがga大声oogoeでde鳴くnaku家ieはha悲しいkanashii家ieだda。 It is a sad house where the hen crows louder than the cock.

羊hitsujiはha何てnanite鳴くnakuのno？ What sound does a sheep make?

JLPTN5
書く☆【かくkaku】 Inflection

godan ~く verb / transitive:

多くookuのno人hitoがga日常nichijouのnoことkotoについてnitsuite文bunをwo書くkaku。 Most people write about their daily life.

JLPTN5
磨く☆【みがくmigaku】研く・琢く Inflection

godan ~く verb / transitive:

  • to polish; to shine; to brush (e.g. teeth); to grind (e.g. lens)
  • to refine (e.g. a skill); to improve; to cultivate

このkono金属kinzokuはha磨くmigakuとtoつやtsuyaがgaでるderu。 This metal burnishes well.

ケイトKEITOがga演技engiをwo磨くmigakuためにtameni注ぐsosogu力chikaraをwo邪魔jamaするsuru物monoはha、何もnanimoありませんでしたarimasendeshita。 Nothing could hinder Kate from using all her energy to polish her performances.

JLPTN5
やるyaru☆《遣る・行る》 Inflection

godan ~る verb / transitive:

  • to do; to undertake; to perform; to play (a game); to study - colloquialism ➜ 為る【する】
  • to send; to dispatch; to despatch
  • to put; to move; to turn (one's head, glance, etc.)
  • to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status); to let have; to present; to bestow; to confer
  • to make (a vehicle) go faster
  • to run (a business); to keep; to be engaged in; to practice (law, medicine, etc.); to practise
  • to have (food, drink, etc.); to eat; to drink; to smoke
  • to hold (a performance); to perform; to show ➜ 演る
  • to ease (one's mind)
  • to harm; to injure; to kill - colloquialism ➜ 殺る
  • to have sex with - slang ➜ 犯る

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

suffix / godan ~る verb:

  • to do ... completely - after the -masu stem of a verb, often in the negative
  • to do ... broadly; to do ... to a great distance - after the -masu stem of a verb

auxiliary verb / godan ~る verb:

  • to do ... for (someone of equal or lower status); to do ... to (sometimes with negative nuance) - after the -te form of a verb
  • to make active efforts to ... - after the -te form of a verb

じゃあjaa２人乗り２ninnoriをwo許してyurushiteやるyaruからkaraお前omae漕げkoge、俺oreがga荷台nidaiにni乗るnoruからkara。 Well then I'll allow two on a bike, but you pedal, because I'll ride on the rack.

５ドルDORUをwoやるyaru。 I'll give you five dollars.

全てsubeteをwo捨ててsuteteこのkonoレストランRESUTORANをwoやるyaru目的mokutekiはhaひとつhitotsuだけdakeでしたdeshita。 I had only one aim in throwing everything away to run this restaurant.

無関係のmukankeino人hitoをwo殺るyaruなna！ Don't kill off bystanders!

JLPTN5
いるiru☆《居る》 Inflection

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

  • to be (of animate objects); to exist ➜ 在る
  • to stay

ichidan verb / auxiliary verb:

  • to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing - after the -te form of a verb; indicates continuing action or state

民主主義minshushugiに対するnitaisuru信頼shinraiをwoなくしたnakushita者monoもmoいるiru。 Some have lost faith in democracy.

映画eigaにni行くikuのnoとto家ieにniいるiruのnoとtoどっちdotchiがgaいいii。 Which would you rather do, go to a movie or stay at home?

すっかりsukkari食べtabe終わってowatteはhaいないinai。 I haven't quite finished eating.

JLPTN4
行う★【おこなうokonau】行なう Inflection

godan ~う verb / transitive:

  • to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out

乾燥kansouしたshita空気kuukiのせいでnoseide痛んだitandaノドNODOやya鼻hanaのno粘膜nenmakuはha、風邪kazeのnoウイルスUIRUSUがga入り込みhairikomiやすくyasukuなってnatteしまいますshimaimasu。暖房器具danboukiguでde寒samuさsa対策taisaku、加湿器kashitsukiでde乾燥kansou対策taisakuをwoしっかりshikkari行なうokonauことkotoがga肝要kan'youですdesu。 Throat and nose membranes hurt by dry air allow cold viruses to enter more easily. It is important to carry out sensible counter plans against the cold with heaters and against the dryness with humidifiers.

JLPTN4
比べる★【くらべるkuraberu】較べる・競べる Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

  • to compare; to make a comparison
  • to compete; to vie ➜ 力比べ

周りmawariのno人達hitotachiとto比べるkuraberuとto彼kareはha本当にhontouni幸せshiawaseそうsouだったdatta。 Compared to those around him, he looked really happy.

JLPTN4
連絡★【れんらくrenraku】聯絡 Inflection

~する noun / ~の noun:

noun:

  • contacting; getting in touch; communication; call; message ➜ ご連絡
  • connection; coordination; junction

~の noun:

  • intercalary; intercalaris; internuncial

ここkokoにni来たkita時tokiはha（必ずkanarazu）連絡renrakuしてshiteくれkure。 Please get in touch with me when you are here.

すばらしいsubarashiiニューヨークNYUUYOOKUのno連絡renraku相手aiteでdeいてiteくれてkureteありがとうございましたarigatougozaimashita。 Thank you so much for having been the nice N.Y. contact that you are.

JLPTN4
思う★【おもうomou】想う・念う・憶う・懐う・惟う Inflection

godan ~う verb / transitive:

  • to think; to consider; to believe - 想う has connotations of heart-felt
  • to think (of doing); to plan (to do)
  • to judge; to assess; to regard
  • to imagine; to suppose; to dream
  • to expect; to look forward to
  • to feel; to be (in a state of mind); to desire; to want
  • to recall; to remember

あすasuはha天気tenkiだdaとto思うomou。 I hope it'll be fine tomorrow.

みんなminnaもmoそうsouなnaのnoかなkana、とto思うomouことkotoくらいkuraiしかshikaできないdekinai。 I can only wonder if this is the same for everyone else.

兄弟kyoudaiがgaいるiruとtoどんなdonnaだろdaroうuとtoいつもitsumo思うomou。 I've always wondered what it'd be like to have siblings.

JLPTN4
選ぶ★【えらぶerabu】撰ぶold・択ぶold Inflection

godan ~ぶ verb / transitive:

  • to choose; to select

どうやってdouyatte新鮮なshinsenna魚sakanaをwoえらぶerabuのですnodesuかka。 How can I pick out fresh fish?

JLPTN4
変わる★【かわるkawaru】変る Inflection

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

  • to change; to be transformed; to be altered; to vary
  • to move to
  • to be different; to be uncommon; to be unusual - usu. as 変わった, 変わっている ➜ 変わった・変わっている

野菜yasaiのno値段nedanはha日々hibi変わるkawaru。 The price of vegetables varies from day to day.

JLPTN4
生きる★【いきるikiru】活きる Inflection

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

  • to live; to exist
  • to make a living; to subsist
  • to be in effect; to be in use; to function
  • to come to life; to be enlivened
  • to be safe (in baseball, go, etc.)

僕bokuはha彼女kanojo無しnashiにni生きるikiru術jutsuをwo学んmananだda。 I learned to live without her.

私watashiたちtachiはha兄弟kyoudaiとしてtoshite共にtomoni生きるikiruことkotoをwo知らshiraなけれnakereばbaならnaraないnai。さsaもmoなくnakuばba、愚か者orokamonoとしてtoshite共にtomoni滅びるhorobiruでdeあろaroうu。 We must learn to live together as brothers, or we will perish together as fools.

JLPTN4
入学★【にゅうがくnyuugaku】 Inflection

noun / ~する noun:

  • entry to school or university; matriculation; enrolment (in university, etc.) (enrollment)

私のwatashino息子musukoはha、高校koukouにni入学nyuugakuしたshita。 My son entered high school.

JLPTN4
裏★【うらura】

noun:

  • opposite side; bottom; other side; side hidden from view; undersurface; reverse side Antonym: 表【おもて】
  • rear; back; behind
  • lining; inside
  • in the shadows; behind the scenes; offstage; behind one's back
  • more (to something than meets the eye); hidden side (e.g. of one's personality); unknown circumstances; different side
  • proof ➜ 裏付け
  • opposite (of a prediction, common sense, etc.); contrary ➜ 裏をかく
  • inverse (of a hypothesis, etc.)
  • bottom (of an inning); last half (of an inning) - Baseball term Antonym: 表【おもて】

靴kutsuのno裏uraにniガムGAMUがgaこびりついkobiritsuiちゃったchatta。 There's gum stuck to the back of my shoe.

劇場gekijouのno裏uraにni駐車場chuushajouがgaあるaru。 There is a parking lot behind the theater.

不幸fukouのno裏uraにはniha幸いsaiwaiありari。 Every cloud has a silver lining.

裏uraからkara手teをwo回してmawashiteくれるkureruよyo。 He can pull strings for you.

彼kareがga７回kaiのno裏uraにniヒットHITTOをwo打ってutteくれていたらkureteitaraなna。 I wish he had gotten a hit in the bottom half of the seventh inning.

JLPTN4
打つ★【うつutsu】 Inflection

godan ~つ verb / transitive:

  • to hit; to strike; to knock; to beat; to punch; to slap; to tap; to bang; to clap; to pound - also written as 拍つ, 搏つ, 撲つ, 擣つ
  • to strike (noon, etc.); to sound (cymbals, etc.); to beat (a drum, etc.)
  • to beat (rhythmically, e.g. pulse, waves, etc.)
  • to move; to impress; to touch
  • to drive in; to hammer in; to put in; to inject
  • to type; to send; to transmit
  • to insert; to write in; to mark
  • to make (noodles, etc.); to prepare
  • to till (soil)
  • to sprinkle; to throw; to cast
  • to do; to carry out; to play; to perform; to engage in (gambling, etc.)
  • to pay (a deposit, etc.)
  • to visit (on a pilgrimage)
  • to line (a coat)
  • to bind (a criminal)

８時jiをwoちょうどchoudo打ちましたuchimashitaねne。 It has just struck eight, hasn't it?

ＡＬＳのnoためにtameni、彼kareのno手teやya腕udeはhaペンPENをwo握ったりnigittariタイプTAIPUをwo打ったりuttariするsuruことができないkotogadekinaiほどhodo弱くyowakuなってnatteしまっていたshimatteita。 ALS had made his hands and arms too weak to hold a pen or to type.

インシュリンINSHURINをwo打つutsuのでnode彼女kanojoはha太っていたfutotteita。 The insulin was making her fat.

JLPTN4
送る★【おくるokuru】 Inflection

godan ~る verb / transitive:

  • to send (a thing); to dispatch; to despatch; to transmit
  • to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person)
  • to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury
  • to spend (time); to live one's life
  • to pass (down the line)
  • to affix okurigana ➜ 送り仮名

わたしwatashiはha手紙tegamiでde願書ganshoをwo送るokuruようyou決めたkimeta。 I wrote off for an application form.

空港kuukouまでmade送るokuruよyo。 I'll drive you to the airport.

いかにもikanimo敬虔keikenなるnaruクリスチャンKURISUCHANがga送るokuru、礼節reisetsu重きomoki言葉kotobaですdesu。 So characteristic of what a pious Christian would say, this courteous phrase.

JLPTN4
運ぶ★【はこぶhakobu】 Inflection

godan ~ぶ verb / transitive:

  • to carry; to transport; to move; to convey

godan ~ぶ verb:

  • to come; to go - usu. as お運びになる, お運び下さる, etc. - honorific language ➜ 足を運ぶ

godan ~ぶ verb / transitive:

  • to wield (a tool, etc.); to use

godan ~ぶ verb / intransitive verb:

  • to go (well, etc.); to proceed; to progress

「委員長iinchou、後nochiはha何naniをwo運ぶhakobuんだndaっけkke？」「得点板tokutenbanとto大玉oodamaもうmou一個、綱引きtsunahikiのno綱tsuna」 "Mr Chairman, what needs moving next, again?" "Scoreboard, giant ball and the tug-of-war rope."

友達tomodachiをwo運ぶhakobu時tokiにはniha気をつけkiwotsukeなければならないnakerebanaranai。 You must be careful in choosing your friends.

JLPTN4
包む★【つつむtsutsumu】裹むold Inflection

godan ~む verb / transitive:

  • to wrap up; to tuck in; to pack; to do up; to cover with; to dress in

godan ~む verb:

  • to conceal; to hide; to be engulfed in; to be enveloped by

恋koiはha多くooku人生jinseiのno苦痛kutsuuをwo包むtsutsumuオブラートOBURAATOなりnari。 Love is a pill made from a great many people's sufferings.

JLPTN4
訪ねる★【たずねるtazuneru】 Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

  • to visit; to call on; to pay a visit to

明日ashita彼kareをwo訪ねるtazuneruつもりtsumoriだda。 I'll call on him tomorrow.

JLPTN4
集める★【あつめるatsumeru】 Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

  • to collect; to assemble; to gather

私のwatashino趣味shumiはha切手kitteをwo集めるatsumeruことkotoだda。 My hobby is collecting stamps.

JLPTN4
下げる★【さげるsageru】 Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

  • to hang; to suspend; to wear (e.g. decoration)
  • to lower; to reduce; to bring down
  • to demote; to move back; to pull back
  • to clear (plates); to remove (food, etc. from table or altar)

彼らkareraはha、そのsono値neをwo下げるsageruことkotoにni同意douiしなかったshinakatta。 They did not agree to bring down the price.

彼kareにni頭atamaをwo下げるsageruのnoはhaいやiyaだda。 I don't want to bow down to him.

JLPTN4
合う★【あうau・おうouirr.】 Inflection

godan ~う verb / intransitive verb:

  • to come together; to merge; to unite; to meet
  • to fit; to match; to suit; to agree with; to be correct
  • to be profitable; to be equitable

suffix / godan ~う verb:

  • to do ... to each other; to do ... together - after the -masu stem of a verb

このkono白いshiroiコートKOOTOはhaあなたanataにniよくyoku合うauでしょうdeshou。 This white coat will look very nice on you.

電話denwaのno発明hatsumeiがga遠くのtookuno人hitoとto伝達dentatsuしshi合うauのnoをwo可能kanouにniしたshita。 The invention of the telephone made it possible to communicate with people far away.

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