noun:

• offering ceremony held on the third day of the dog after the winter solstice - Buddhism term
• twelfth month of the lunisolar calendar
• year in the Buddhist order (after the completion of the first meditation retreat) ➜ 臈

noun / ~する noun:

• formation; establishment; materialization; coming into existence
• conclusion (e.g. of a deal); approval; completion; arrangement
• being valid (of a theory, argument, etc.); holding; applying

noun:

• Edo-period hairstyle for the common man (the entire head shaved just above the ear, with the remainder tied up in the back) - archaism

noun:

• the four great families of the age (esp. the Minamoto clan, the Taira clan, the Fujiwara clan and the Tachibana clan)
• varna (each of the four Hindu castes) ➜ ヴァルナ

noun:

• survival of the fittest; the law of the jungle; the weak are meat the strong do eat [literal] - four character idiom

noun:

• late autumn (fall) windstorm in the countryside; typhoon, esp. one that blows from the 210th to the 220th day of the year ➜ 二百十日・二百二十日・台風
• name of the 28th roll of the Genji monogatari

noun:

• Lamarckian evolutionary theory in which individuals lose characteristics that are not used and develop characteristics that are often used ➜ ラマルク説

expression / noun:

• the way of the world; the lay of the land; the inescapable circumstances (of life); (just) the way things are ➜ 浮世

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to overturn; to capsize; to upset
• to overthrow (government etc.)
• to reverse (decision etc.); to disprove (an established theory etc.); to overrule

noun:

• land-tax system during the Edo period under which the government took half of the year's crop and the farmers kept the other half - archaism - four character idiom

noun:

• the sun, the moon and the stars; the heavenly bodies - four character idiom

noun:

• sky; the heavens ➜ 下土
• God; the Lord; the Creator; the Supreme Being
• ascension (into heaven)

noun:

• the emperor's person
• the body of Christ; the Host; the Eucharist; Holy Communion

noun / ~する noun:

• the return of the land and people from the feudal lords to the Emperor - four character idiom

noun:

• Islamic holy books (the Pentateuch, the Book of Psalms, the Gospels and the Koran)

expression / noun:

• the way of the world; the lay of the land; the inescapable circumstances (of life)

noun:

• the whole country; the public; the world; the ruling power; having one's own way

expression:

• between the devil and the deep sea; out of the frying pan into the fire - idiom ➜ 前門の虎後門の狼【ぜんもんのとらこうもんのおおかみ】

expression:

• between the devil and the deep sea; out of the frying pan into the fire - idiom

noun:

• the whole country; the public; the world; the ruling power; having one's own way

noun:

• the people; the masses; the public; the great unwashed

noun:

• the privy purse; the money used for private purposes by the members of the Imperial family

noun / ~の noun:

• third rank (in the Japanese court system)

noun:

• trinity (Christianity); the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit

noun:

• putting the officials and bureaucrats above the people; treating the governors as more important than the governed; statism - four character idiom

expression:

• the grass is always greener on the other side of the fence; the neighbour's flowers are redder [literal] - proverb