suffix:

• -ness - nominalizing suffix indicating degree or condition

particle:

• indicates assertion - sentence end, mainly masc.

interjection:

• come; come now ➜ さあ

particle:

• adds force or indicates command - used at sentence end - male language

particle:

• even ➜ さえ・でも
• but; however ➜ でも

particle:

• in one's own way or style ➜ 形【なり】

suffix / particle:

• a mere (status or characteristic); implies activity unsuited to (status or characteristic)

particle:

• interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt

particle / conjunction:

• (at the end of a phrase) notes one (of several) reasons

particle:

• you said; he said; she said; they said - casual quoting particle ➜ と
• if ... then - indicates supposition
• do you seriously think that - as かって; indicates a satirical or rhetorical question
• I already told you; you should know by now that; of course - indicates certainty, insistence, emphasis, etc.
• the said ... - abbr. of という
• says that ... - abbr. of と言っている
• I hear that ... - abbr. of と聞いている
• as for the term ... - abbr. of とは, というのは
• as for ... - equiv. of は topic marker

particle:

• is it?; isn't it? - marks wh-question (what, where, who) - familiar language
• be; is - strengthens one's judgment or conclusion - children's language

interjection:

• eh?; what?; oh?
• yes; that's correct ➜ はい

particle:

• strengthens a question, assertion, etc. - at sentence end - archaism ➜ かえ・ぞえ・わえ
• used when calling out to someone - after a noun, etc. - archaism

particle:

• though; notwithstanding; although

particle / conjunction:

• although (it is a certain time or something is in a certain condition)

particle:

• may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly - abbreviation ➜ かもしれない

particle:

• not only ➜ 許りでなく

particle:

• for (in regard to); in order to ➜ に・は

particle:

• even if; even though - also だって
• however; no matter how - also ったって

particle:

• indicates reason or excuse - used as a conjunction or at sentence-end, often as 〜ものな, 〜ものね
• indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged - at sentence-end - female language

particle:

• even; if only; if just; as long as; the only thing needed ➜ さえ

particle:

• I can tell you - used at sentence end; adds light force or emphasis to a sentence - male language - familiar language
• heh - at sentence end; used to make a sentence threating or ironic - male language

particle / suffix:

• without

particle:

• must not; do not

particle:

• how!; what!; alas! - archaism

particle:

• denotes uncertainty ➜ とやら
• such things as A and B; A and B and so on; A and B and the like; A and B and whatnot - as ＡやらＢやら...

particle:

• on the same occasion; at the same time; coincidentally; along with; partly (to do, for)

particle:

• depends on