particle:

• indicates sentence subject (occasionally object)
• indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions)

conjunction:

• but; however; still; and
• regardless of; whether (or not) - after the volitional form of a verb

noun:

• moth

noun:

• picture; drawing; painting; sketch

noun:

• obstinacy - Buddhism term
• atman; the self; the ego

noun / adjectival noun:

• elegance; grace Antonym: 俗【ぞく】

noun:

• festal song (genre of the Shi Jing) ➜ 六義

noun:

• congratulation ➜ 賀の祝

noun:

• vehicle; horse-drawn carriage

particle:

• (but) what about (the) ...; (but) what about those ... - following a noun; used to mimic and mock people who are upset over something - slang ➜ が

noun:

• genetic algorithm; GA - IT term

noun:

• classification for Japanese verb with the dictionary form ending in "gu"; "ga" column or row of the kana syllabary

noun / ~の noun:

• gallium (Ga)

particle:

• indicates possessive - occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之 ➜ 乃
• nominalizes verbs and adjectives
• substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases ➜ が
• (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion - often ん
• (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis - female language
• (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

noun:

• student (esp. a university student)

noun / ~の noun:

• foreign country

noun:

• foreigner; foreign citizen; foreign national; alien; non-Japanese ➜ 内国人

noun:

• school

noun:

• river; stream ［かわ］

suffix:

• River; the ... river - suffix used with the names of rivers

noun:

• glasses; eyeglasses; spectacles
• judgment; judgement; discrimination; discernment; insight ［めがね］

noun:

• toy; plaything

noun:

• diplomacy
• selling (e.g. door-to-door); canvassing

noun / ~の noun:

• scholar

noun / ~する noun:

• study; learning; tutorial

noun / suffix noun:

• picture (framed)
• amount or sum (of money)

noun:

• model; type (e.g. of machine, goods, etc.)
• type; style; pattern - がた when a suffix ➜ 朝型
• mold (mould); template; model
• kata (standard form of a movement, posture, etc. in martial arts, sport, etc.)
• form (i.e. customary procedure)
• size (i.e. clothing, shoes)
• inch (in diagonal display size)
• (taxonomical) form - obscure term ➜ 品種

noun / ~の noun:

• painter; artist

noun / suffix noun:

• pattern; design

noun:

• body build; figure; physique

noun / suffix noun:

• essential qualities; character; nature

suffix noun:

• appropriate to; fitting of; suitable for

noun / ~する noun:

• going out; outing; leaving (one's home, office, etc.)

noun / ~する noun:

• scholarship; study; learning

noun:

• discipline; branch of learning; (a) science

noun:

• learning; scholarship; study; erudition; knowledge; education

suffix noun:

• study of ...; -ology; -ics

noun / ~する noun:

• patience; endurance; perseverance; tolerance; self-control; self-denial

noun:

• injury; harm; evil influence; damage

noun / ~の noun:

• school term; semester

adverb / noun / ~する noun / ~と adverb:

• feel disappointed; dejected; lose heart; feel emotionally drained; feel let down - onomatopoeia

noun / ~の noun:

• department of a university

noun or verb acting prenominally:

• undergraduate (course, program, etc.)

noun:

• scientific society; academic meeting; academic conference

noun:

• study subject; course of study
• department (university, etc.)

noun / ~の noun:

• outside (e.g. of a building); exterior
• outside (of a group, company, etc.); outside world