noun:

• kousso (African flowering plant, Hagenia abyssinica); kosso; cusso; koso; brayera

noun:

• bitter melon (Momordica charantia); bitter gourd ➜ 蔓茘枝

noun:

• coldest time of the year; bitter suffering

noun:

• ninja throwing knives - colloquialism
• mediaeval farming tool for digging, prying, etc. - orig. meaning

noun:

• unremitting effort; dogged perseverance; unswerving loyalty

noun:

• intense heat

noun:

• cries of pain - obscure term

noun:

• distress; anguish; mental suffering

noun:

• hellish pain; suffering; distress; agony - Buddhism term

noun:

• Sophora flavescens

noun:

• this painful world; magnesia

noun:

• vinegar - archaism - obscure term

noun:

• truth of suffering - Buddhism term ➜ 四諦

noun:

• hardship and misfortune - Buddhism term

noun / ~する noun:

• laborious composition; struggling to compose a poem

noun:

• bittern; concentrated solution of salts (esp. magnesium chloride) left over after the crystallization of seawater or brine

noun / ~する noun / ~の noun:

• anguish

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to feel bitter; to scowl

noun:

• toil; drudgery
• penal servitude; imprisonment (with hard labour) ➜ 懲役

noun:

• world of suffering - Buddhism term
• life of prostitution

noun:

• Japanese timber bamboo (Phyllostachys bambsoides); giant timber bamboo; madake ➜ 真竹
• Simon bamboo (Pleioblastus simonii) ［にがたけ］ ➜ 女竹

noun:

• Ixeris dentata (species of the daisy family)

noun:

• sow thistle (Sonchus oleraceus); milk thistle

noun:

• bitter liquid; "bitter experience" [figurative] ➜ 苦汁を嘗める