particle:

• until (a time); till; to; up to
• to (a place); as far as
• to (an extent); up to; so far as; even
• only; merely

adverb:

• until now; so far; up to the present ➜ 今から

expression:

• not until now (with neg. verb); never yet

adverb:

• until now; still; yet; (not) yet; since

expression:

• (it was) not until; (it was) only when

noun:

• type of fast military boat used from the Warring states period until the Edo period - archaism

noun:

• visiting a shrine on New Year's Eve and staying there until (or returning on) New Year's Day

expression:

• you don't appreciate the value of good health until you lose it - proverb - obscure term

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to dry until stiff

expression:

• you can't judge someone until you've spent time with them; you can't judge something until you've tried it; try a horse by riding him, and judge a man by living with him [literal] - proverb ➜ 人には添うてみよ馬には乗ってみよ【ひとにはそうてみようまにはのってみよ】

expression:

• up until now; as recently as the present

expression:

• until something reaches the very limit; until the very last minute; up to the breaking point

noun:

• dish of vegetables, konnyaku, etc. simmered in soy sauce and water until the liquid is almost gone - Food term

expression:

• until today

expression:

• we are innocent until proven guilty; suspicion alone is not grounds for punishment; in dubio pro reo - proverb

expression / noun:

• staying healthy until old age, then dying painlessly ➜ ぴんぴん・ころり

expression:

• you can't judge someone until you've spent time with them; you can't judge something until you've tried it; judge a man by living with him, and try a horse by riding him [literal] - proverb

noun:

• from long ago up until the present day - archaism - obscure term

expression:

• until then; till then; up to that time
• to that extent
• the end of it; all there is to it

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to treat leather, sharkskin, etc. with glue and pound until hard

godan ~す verb:

• to heat until dissolved

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to boil something until it is done (e.g. vegetables) ➜ 茹で上がる【ゆであがる】

noun:

• period from midnight until the early morning
• around 4 in the morning ➜ 寅の刻

adverbial noun / temporal noun:

• morning and evening; from morning until night; constantly

expression:

• up to ... (e.g. items); until ... (times); as far as - nuance of comparison