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JLPTN1
耐える★【たえるtaeru】堪える☆ Inflection

ichidan verb / intransitive verb / transitive:

  • to bear; to stand; to endure; to put up with

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

  • to support; to withstand; to resist; to brave
  • to be fit for; to be equal to

本honをwo読みyomi、考えkangaeをwo話し合うhanashiauことkotoでde、知恵chieやya異なるkotonaruアイデアAIDEAにni耐えるtaeruことkotoをwo学ぶmanabuことができるkotogadekiru。 By reading books and discussing concepts, a person can gain wisdom and tolerance of differing ideas.

ぶっこむbukkomu《ぶっ込む・打っ込む》 Inflection

godan ~む verb / transitive:

  • to hit; to strike; to smash; to hammer in; to drive in
  • to throw; to toss; to cast
  • to mix
  • to wear (sword, etc.); to carry
JLPTN5
取る★【とるtoru】 Inflection

godan ~る verb / transitive:

  • to take; to pick up; to harvest; to earn; to win; to choose
  • to steal ➜ 盗る
  • to eat; to have (a meal) ➜ 摂る
  • to remove (one's glasses, etc.) - also written as 脱る
  • to compete (in sumo, cards, etc.); to play

私watashiはhaよいyoi席sekiをwoとるtoruことができたkotogadekita。 I got a good seat.

彼女kanojoはha家ieでde昼食chuushokuをwoとるtoru。 She has lunch at home.

JLPTN5
聞く☆【きくkiku】聴く☆・訊く☆ Inflection

godan ~く verb / transitive:

  • to hear
  • to listen (e.g. to music) - usu. 聴く
  • to ask; to enquire; to query - 聴く is more formal
  • to learn of; to hear about
  • to follow (advice); to comply with
  • to smell (esp. incense); to sample fragrance ［聞く・聴く］ ➜ 香を聞く

あのano歌utaをwo聴くkikuとto必ずkanarazu高校koukou時代jidaiをwo思い出すomoidasu。 I never hear that song without remembering my high school days.

彼等kareraにはniha音楽ongakuをwo聴くkiku耳mimiがgaないnai。 They don't have an ear for music.

なんでnande聞くkikuのno？ Why do you ask?

ちらつかせるchiratsukaseru Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

  • to show; to display; to flash
  • to dangle (an offer) in front of; to hold out; to indirectly hint at; to intimate; to obliquely suggest; to allude to; to imply
  • to send flurries (of snow, etc.)
JLPTN4
下がる☆【さがるsagaru】下るirr. Inflection

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

  • to come down; to go down; to fall; to drop; to sink; to get lower Antonym: 上がる
  • to hang; to dangle
  • to move back; to step back; to withdraw; to retire
  • to deteriorate; to fall off; to be downgraded
  • to get closer to the present day
  • to go south - in Kyoto

あお向けaomukeにni寝るneruとto、舌shitaやyaノドチンコNODOCHINKOがgaノドNODOのno奥okuにni下がるsagaruためtame、上気道joukidouがga塞がりfusagariやすくyasukuなりますnarimasu。 If you sleep on your back it's easier for your upper airway to be obstructed because your tongue, uvula, etc. slip towards the back of your throat.

眠るnemuruとto体karadaのno機能kinouがgaゆっくりyukkuriになりninari、体温taionがga下がるsagaru。 When we are asleep, bodily functions slow down and body temperature falls.

物価bukkaはhaまもなくmamonaku下がるsagaruはずhazuだda。 Prices ought to come down soon.

こなすkonasu☆《熟す》 Inflection

godan ~す verb / transitive:

  • to digest
  • to break down; to break to pieces; to crush
  • to be able to use; to be good at; to have a good command of
  • to finish; to complete; to manage; to perform
  • to sell

suffix / godan ~す verb:

  • to do ... well; to do ... completely - after the -masu stem of a verb

他taにniそのsono仕事shigotoをwoこなせるkonaseru人hitoはhaいないinaiよyo。 No one else can fill that job.

本当にhontouniそのsono俳優haiyuuはha他のtanoどのdono俳優haiyuuよりもyorimo上手jouzuにniカウボーイKAUBOOIのno役yakuをwoこなしたkonashita。 The actor really played cowboy roles better than any other actor.

彼女kanojoはha若いwakaiけれどもkeredomoそのsono仕事shigotoをwoこなしたkonashita。 Young as she was, she was equal to the work.

JLPTN3
断る★【ことわるkotowaru】断わる Inflection

godan ~る verb / transitive:

  • to refuse; to reject; to dismiss; to turn down; to decline
  • to inform; to give notice; to tell in advance
  • to ask leave; to excuse oneself (from)

彼女kanojoはha彼のkarenoプロポーズPUROPOOZUをwo断るkotowaruほかなかったhokanakatta。 She had no choice but to turn down his proposal.

JLPTN3
構う☆【かまうkamau】 Inflection

godan ~う verb:

  • to mind; to care about; to be concerned about; to have a regard for ➜ 構わない

godan ~う verb / intransitive verb:

  • to be an issue; to matter; to create inconvenience

godan ~う verb:

  • to keep company; to care for; to look after; to entertain; to pay attention to; to spend time with - usually written using kana alone

godan ~う verb / intransitive verb:

  • to interfere with; to meddle in

godan ~う verb / transitive:

  • to tease
  • to banish; to prohibit - archaism

たとえtatoe失敗shippaiしてshiteもmoかまうkamauものかmonoka。 If he fails, so what?

彼女kanojoがgaいつitsu結婚しようkekkonshiyouとtoかまうkamauものかmonoka。 Who cares when she gets married?

大統領daitouryouはhaかまうkamauものmonoかkaとto言ったitta。 The president said, "I don't give a damn."

JLPTN3
触れる☆【ふれるfureru】 Inflection

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

  • to touch; to feel
  • to experience; to come in contact with; to perceive
  • to touch on (a subject); to allude to; to refer to; to mention
  • to be in conflict with; to violate (law, copyright, etc.); to infringe

ichidan verb / transitive:

  • to proclaim; to make known; to spread (e.g. a rumour)

何かnanikaがga足ashiにni触れるfureruのnoをwo感じたkanjita。 I felt something touch my feet.

またmata一方ippouでde、若者wakamonoたちtachiはha仏教bukkyouにni触れるfureru中nakaでde、仏教bukkyouをwo心の支えkokoronosasaeにni必要なhitsuyounaものmonoとto考えkangae始めているhajimeteiruようだyouda。 On the other hand, there seem to be those among young folk who, while touching on Buddhism, have started to think of it as a vital spiritual support.

お袋ofukuroのno前maeでdeはhaそのsonoことkotoにni触れるfureruなna。 Don't talk about it in my mother's presence.

JLPTN1
弾む☆【はずむhazumu】勢む Inflection

godan ~む verb / intransitive verb:

  • to spring; to bound; to bounce
  • to be stimulated; to be encouraged; to get lively

godan ~む verb / transitive:

  • to treat oneself to; to splurge on

godan ~む verb / intransitive verb:

私のwatashino胸muneはha期待kitaiにniはずむhazumu。 My heart bounds with expectation.

ゴムGOMUのnoボールBOORUはha弾力性danryokuseiがgaあるaruからkara弾むhazumu。 A rubber ball bounces because it is elastic.

JLPTN3
誘う★【さそうsasou・いざなうizanau】 Inflection

godan ~う verb / transitive:

  • to invite; to ask (someone to do); to call (for); to take (someone) along
  • to tempt; to lure; to entice; to seduce
  • to induce (tears, laughter, sleepiness, etc.); to arouse (e.g. sympathy); to provoke ［さそう］

上司joushiのnoミスターMISUTAA田中tanakaがga君kimiをwo飲みnomiにni誘うsasouかもしれないkamoshirenaiってtteことkotoをwo言ってitteおくokuねne。 I should tell you that my boss, Mr Tanaka, might try to take you drinking.

夕方yuugataにni適度なtekidona運動undouをwoするsuruとto、睡眠suiminをwo誘うsasouのにnoni役立つyakudatsu。 Moderate exercise in the evening helps induce sleep.

JLPTN2
散る☆【ちるchiru】 Inflection

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

  • to fall (e.g. blossoms, leaves)
  • to scatter; to be dispersed
  • to disappear; to dissolve; to break up
  • to spread; to run; to blur
  • to die a noble death

秋akiにはniha葉haがga散るchiru。 The leaves fall in autumn.

JLPTN3
吐く☆【はくhaku】 Inflection

godan ~く verb / transitive:

  • to vomit; to throw up; to spit up
  • to emit; to send forth; to breathe out
  • to give (an opinion); to make (a comment); to express; to tell
  • to confess

シンガポールSHINGAPOORUでdeはha道路douroにni唾tsubaをwo吐くhakuのnoはha犯罪hanzaiとtoされるsareru。 In Singapore, it is a crime to spit on the ground.

今朝kesaはha冷えるhieruねne。ほらhora見miてte、吐くhaku息ikiがga白いshiroiよyo。 It's quite cold this morning. Look, my breath comes out white.

JLPTN2
突く☆【つくtsuku】衝く・撞く・捺く Inflection

godan ~く verb / transitive:

  • to prick; to stab
  • to poke; to prod; to push; to thrust; to nudge; to hit; to strike
  • to use (a cane); to prop oneself up with; to press against (the floor, etc.)
  • to attack
  • to brave (the rain, etc.)

針hariでde親指oyayubiをwo突いてtsuiteしまったshimatta。 I pricked my thumb with a needle.

羽子板hagoitaでde突くtsuku羽haneのno玉tamaはha「むくろじmukuroji」というtoiu大木taibokuのno種shuですdesu。 The feathered balls you hit with a battledore are the seeds of a large tree called 'soapberry'.

テーブルTEEBURUにniひじhijiをwo突くtsukuのnoはhaやめyameなさいnasai。 Keep your elbows off the table.

JLPTN5
頼む★【たのむtanomu】恃む・憑む Inflection

godan ~む verb / transitive:

  • to request; to beg; to ask
  • to call; to order; to reserve
  • to entrust to
  • to rely on - esp. 恃む

明日ashita電話denwaでdeトムTOMUにni連絡renrakuしてshite手伝ってtetsudatteくれるkureruようにyouni頼むtanomuつもりtsumoriだda。 I'm going to call Tom tomorrow and ask him to help.

田中tanakaさんsanのnoことkotoをwo頼むtanomuよyo。 Take care of Mr. Tanaka for me!

JLPTN3
省く☆【はぶくhabuku】 Inflection

godan ~く verb / transitive:

  • to omit; to leave out; to exclude; to eliminate
  • to curtail; to save; to cut down; to economize; to economise

時を得たtokiwoeta一針hariはha九針hariのno手間temaをwo省くhabuku。 A stitch in time saves nine.

くじくkujiku《挫く》 Inflection

godan ~く verb / transitive:

  • to sprain; to twist
  • to dampen (enthusiasm); to discourage; to dishearten; to dispirit; to depress; to unnerve; to crush

観客kankyaku側gawaからkara相手aiteチームCHIIMUをwoわらってwaratteやるyaruことkotoはha、そのsono士気shikiをwoくじくkujikuことkotoになろうninarou。 If the spectators made fun of the other team, then it would weaken their morale.

賛する【さんするsansuru】讃する Inflection

~する verb (spec.):

  • to approve; to agree; to assent; to endorse; to support; to back
  • to inscribe
  • to praise; to laud
JLPTN5
吸う☆【すうsuu】喫う Inflection

godan ~う verb / transitive:

  • to smoke; to breathe in; to inhale
  • to suck; to sip; to slurp
  • to absorb; to soak up
  • to kiss

教室kyoushitsuでdeどうどうとdoudoutoタバコTABAKOをwoすうsuu高校生koukouseiたちtachiとtoそれsoreをwo注意chuuiできないdekinai教師kyoushiたちtachiはha罰を受けるbachiwoukeruことになりますkotoninarimasu。 High school students who flagrantly smoke in class and the teachers who can't caution them will be punished.

例えばtatoeba、たばこtabakoをwoぷかぷかpukapuka吸うsuu先生senseiがga、たばこtabakoをwo吸うsuu生徒seitoにni注意chuuiしてshiteもmoそのsono注意chuuiはha矛盾mujunしているshiteiruだろうdarou。 For example, if a chain-smoking teacher cautions a pupil for smoking, that warning is self-contradictory.

JLPTN2
汚す☆【よごすyogosu・けがすkegasu】穢す【けがすkegasu】 Inflection

godan ~す verb / transitive:

  • to pollute; to contaminate; to soil; to make dirty; to stain
  • to disgrace; to dishonour; to dishonor; to defile - esp. けがす

あんなanna行動koudouはha彼kareのno体面taimenをwo汚すkegasuものmonoだda。 Such behavior is beneath his dignity.

工場koujouのno廃棄物haikibutsuがga私達watashitachiのno川kawaをwo汚すkegasuことがあるkotogaaru。 Factory waste sometimes pollutes our rivers.

JLPTN4
写す☆【うつすutsusu】 Inflection

godan ~す verb / transitive:

  • to transcribe; to duplicate; to reproduce; to imitate; to trace
  • to describe
  • to film; to picture; to photograph

彼kareはha友達tomodachiのnoノートNOOTOをwo写すutsusuのにnoni忙しかったisogashikatta。 He was busy copying his friend's notebook.

JLPTN4
変える☆【かえるkaeru】 Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

  • to change; to alter; to transform; to convert; to turn; to vary
  • to reform; to revise; to amend

世界sekaiをwo変えるkaeruのnoはha情報jouhouでdeはhaなくnakuコミュニケーションKOMYUNIKEESHONだda。 What changes the world is communication, not information.

JLPTN4
伝える☆【つたえるtsutaeru】 Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

  • to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart; to propagate; to teach; to bequeath

内弟子uchideshiとはtoha師shiとto寝食shinshokuをwoともにしtomonishi、あらゆるarayuru武術bujutsuのnoノウハウNOUHAUとto秘伝hidenをwo伝えるtsutaeru制度seidoだda。 Apprenticeship is a system where you eat, sleep and live with your master and are taught various martial arts know-how and secrets.

JLPTN1
唱える☆【となえるtonaeru】 Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

  • to recite; to chant
  • to cry; to yell; to shout
  • to advocate; to advance; to preach; to insist

カミナリKAMINARIがga光ったhikattaそのsono後後【くわばらくわばらkuwabarakuwabara】とto唱えたtonaetaもしくはmoshikuha、唱えるtonaeru人hitoをwo見たmitaことがあるkotogaaruだろうdarou。 I expect you've chanted "kuwabara kuwabara" after a lightning flash, or have seen somebody do so.

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