noun:

• to enrol in a temple school; child enrolled in a temple school ➜ 寺子屋
• incarcerating a criminal in a temple as a form of punishment (popular during the latter Muromachi and Azuchi-Momoyama periods)
• to go to a temple and repent (following a disaster, etc.)

noun:

• palace
• tonic (of the Japanese & Chinese pentatonic scale) ➜ 五音
• ancient Chinese punishment (castration for men, or confinement for women) - abbreviation ➜ 宮刑

noun / suffix noun:

• zodiacal sign ➜ 十二宮

noun:

• remote island; distant island ［えんとう・とおじま］
• punishment by exile to a remote island ［えんとう・おんとう］

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to get; to earn; to acquire; to procure; to gain; to secure; to attain; to obtain; to win - 獲る esp. refers to catching wild game, etc.
• to understand; to comprehend
• to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)

auxiliary verb / ichidan verb / transitive:

• to be able to ..., can ... ［得る］ - after the -masu stem of a verb ➜ 得ない・得る【うる】

ichidan verb:

• to escape (disaster, death, etc.); to be saved from; to be rescued from
• to avoid (e.g. punishment); to evade (e.g. responsibility); to avert; to elude; to be exempted from

expression / ichidan verb:

• to fire oneself up; to give it one's all; to get psyched; to motivate oneself
• to fire someone up (with scolding, corporal punishment, etc.); to rouse

noun:

• bleaching; bleached cotton
• public humiliation (punishment)

noun:

• boiling in an iron pot
• boiling to death (punishment during the Warring States period)

noun:

• wrapping something in a bamboo mat
• wrapping somebody in a bamboo mat and throwing him in a river (Edo period unofficial punishment)

noun:

• sawing
• death by sawing (i.e. as a capital punishment)

adjective:

• spicy; hot
• salty
• harsh (criticism); severe (punishment); strict
• painful; bitter; difficult; tough ➜ 辛い【つらい】

noun:

• skilled control of a spear; stabbing (someone) with a spear - orig. meaning
• victim; scapegoat; someone singled out (for punishment, etc.) ➜ 槍玉に挙げる

noun:

• servant (esp. a samurai's attendant)
• chivalrous man (c. Edo period)
• cubed tofu (often served cold) - abbreviation ➜ 奴豆腐
• kite shaped like a footman - abbreviation ➜ 奴凧
• Edo-period hairstyle worn by samurai's attendants - abbreviation ➜ 奴頭
• enslavement (of a woman; Edo-period punishment for her own or her husband's crime)

pronoun:

• he; she; him; her - archaism - derogatory term