noun:

• foreword to a collection of poems; preface; explanatory notes; captions

noun:

• standing (for a long period of time); continuing to stand

noun:

• purification rite (esp. one held prior to a Shinto event)

expression / godan ~く verb:

• to make a circle (e.g. draw, paint, describe, walk, drive, etc.)

noun / ~する noun:

• focus of one's attention (on a specific field); commitment to something

noun:

• decorative string used to hold a kimono sash in place

noun:

• in calligraphy, a triangular stroke going from upper left to lower right

expression / adverb:

• without a moment's delay; leaving everything else unattended to

godan ~る verb:

• to perform a small motion repetitively (e.g. picking or poking something)

noun:

• (logical) conversion (transposition of subject and predicate to form a new proposition)

noun:

• man used by a woman to pay for her meals - slang ➜ 飯【めし】

expression / godan ~く verb:

• to pierce something all the way through (with a lance, arrow, etc.) - obscure term

noun:

• dasabhumi (forty-first to fiftieth stages in the development of a bodhisattva) - Buddhism term

expression:

• suffix used to negate a verb in the past tense - polite language - archaism ➜ ませんでした

noun / ~する noun:

• creeping (i.e. growing along the ground, etc. similar to a vine)

expression:

• suffix used to negate a verb in the non-past tense - Kansai dialect ➜ ない

interjection:

• humph; hmph

noun:

• tonfa (traditional Okinawan weapon similar to a nightstick) - Ryūkyū dialect

noun:

• droit de suite (artist's right to receive a royalty on resale)

noun:

• making something freely available (information, access to a competition, etc.)

noun:

• battle standard raised next to the horse of a commander

noun:

• maneuver to shake, flick, or wipe blood off of a sword - Martial Arts term

expression:

• a bad person does not deserve to die in his own bed - proverb

expression:

• rushing to one's doom; (like a) moth flying into the flame - idiom

noun / ~する noun:

• adding or removing rolling stock to a train that is in service

godan ~む verb:

• to include in a poem (season word, place name, etc.)