noun:

• realism (as opposed to idealism) ➜ 観念論
• realism (as opposed to nominalism) ➜ 唯名論

godan ~く verb / transitive:

• to receive; to get; to accept; to take; to buy - humble language ➜ 貰う
• to eat; to drink - humble language - polite language
• to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head); to have (on top) - orig. meaning
• to have (as one's leader); to live under (a ruler); to install (a president)

auxiliary verb / godan ~く verb:

• to get somebody to do something - follows a verb in "-te" form - humble language ➜ 貰う【もらう】

noun:

• complete emptiness (i.e. as a denial of the inherent existence of all things); nirvana (where this emptiness is realized) - Buddhism term

adjectival noun / noun:

• quiet and lonely - archaism

adverb:

• involuntarily; reluctantly; against one's inclination; against one's will; as a matter of unpleasant necessity; despite oneself

noun:

• tag team (wrestling) - Sports term
• working together as a team

noun:

• using one's fingers as a comb; combing one's hand through one's hair

noun:

• being closed; being blocked up; being occupied; hindrance; impedance ➜ 塞がる
• unlucky direction (in Onmyōdō; due to the presence of a god such as Ten'ichijin) ➜ 陰陽道・天一神

adverb / ~の noun:

• more or less; though not quite satisfactorily; after a fashion; pretty much; roughly; so far as it goes

adverb:

• tentatively; for the time being
• just in case
• once

noun / ~する noun:

• quitting one's job as a government official to return to live quietly in one's own native region

noun:

• one's teaching experience; one's career (experience) as a teacher

noun / ~する noun:

• perusing as a side business; doing in addition to one's main work; running (businesses) simultaneously

noun:

• side business; job on the side

noun:

• formal paragraph (in opposition to a logical paragraph); paragraph as defined by its formal elements (e.g. line break and initial indentation) ➜ 意味段落

noun:

• inn where one rests on the way - archaism
• inn that serves as a meeting place for lovers - archaism ➜ 出合い宿
• inn that introduces clients to prostitutes - archaism ➜ 引き手茶屋

ichidan verb:

• to become hollow (with age, illness, etc.); to be scrawny; to be thin

noun / suffix:

• stuffing; packing - づめ when a suffix

noun:

• end (esp. the foot of a bridge)
• lowest-ranking guest at tea ceremony
• tea master
• endgame (esp. in shogi or used figuratively)
• sweet eel sauce - abbreviation
• middle-aged woman - archaism

suffix noun:

• appointment to a particular workplace
• using as the sole ground of judgement (judgment)
• continuing; keep doing for period of time - after the -masu stem of a verb

particle:

• -ing and -ing (e.g. "coming and going") - as …たり…たり, after the ren'youkei forms of multiple verbs
• doing such things as... - used adverbially
• expresses a command - as …たり…たり at sentence-end, after the ren'youkei forms of a repeated verb

auxiliary verb:

• to be ［たり］ - from とあり, after a noun - archaism ➜ たる
• indicates completion or continuation of an action ［たり］ - from 〜てあり, after the ren'youkei form of a verb - archaism

noun:

• layman (esp. as opposed to a Buddhist monk); laity; man of the world; the world
• local manners; modern customs

adjectival noun / ~の noun:

• common; popular
• vulgar; low Antonym: 雅【が】

noun:

• women working in military brothels (esp. those forced into prostitution as a form of sexual slavery by the Japanese military during WWII); comfort women [literal] - euphemism ➜ 従軍慰安婦

expression:

• if only (you) have; as long as (you) have; whenever (you) have

noun:

• minced meat or fish with soy sauce, etc. (served on rice) - Food term

noun / adjectival noun:

• shred (e.g. old clothing falling apart); tangle (objects twisted together); thin slices (esp. food)

~する verb (spec.) / transitive:

• to affix; to append; to attach
• to entrust; to refer; to handle (as such)
• to follow (the leader)
• to submit (a document, etc.)

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to affix; to append; to attach ➜ 付する
• to entrust; to refer; to handle (as such)
• to follow (the leader)
• to submit (a document, etc.)

noun:

• thin-culmed dwarf bamboo (growing in clusters) ➜ 篠竹【しのだけ】
• Japanese transverse bamboo flute (high-pitched; usu. with seven holes) ［しの］ - abbreviation ➜ 篠笛
• sliver (strand of loose fibers) ［しの］

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to ascend; to go up; to climb
• to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the sun); to rise - usu. 昇る
• to go to (the capital)
• to be promoted
• to add up to
• to advance (in price)
• to swim up (a river); to sail up
• to come up (on the agenda)

noun:

• life; lifetime; career

adverbial noun / temporal noun:

• for life; all one's life; throughout one's life; as long as one lives