noun:

• (a) letter

noun:

• the eight precepts (in addition to the five precepts, prohibitions against: lying in a luxurious bed; self-decoration, song & dance; and eating after noon) - Buddhism term ➜ 五戒

noun:

• sleeping outside (on a hot summer night) - obscure term

noun:

• going downstream (in a boat)

noun:

• adductor muscle (of a bivalve) ➜ 貝柱

noun:

• rain chain (hanging from a gutter and functioning as downspout, often made of ornamental cups)

noun:

• reading (of a word) that has become accepted through popular usage

noun:

• member (of a group led by a kumigashira); member (of a fire brigade)
• muntin; mullion; member; fret

noun:

• going (e.g. of a flight of stairs); length

~と adverb / adverb:

• banging around (e.g. in a fight) - onomatopoeia

noun:

• spotted ratfish (Hydrolagus colliei, a shortnose chimaera found in the Eastern Pacific)

noun:

• Potsdam Declaration (July 26, 1945 statement establishing the terms of a Japanese surrender)

noun:

• sweet potato (any of a number of different cultivars with red skin)

noun:

• longfin catshark (Apristurus herklotsi, a Western Pacific species)

noun:

• germ (of a cereal, e.g. wheat, rice); embryo bud - Botany term

expression / adjective:

• (after the ren'yōkei form of a verb) indicates concession or compromise ➜ てもいい
• indicates permission ➜ てもいい

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to draw (a line) ➜ 画する
• to demarcate; to mark; to divide; to map out
• to plan

expression:

• Very truly yours (a complimentary close used in a letter written in an old epistolary style) - four character idiom

noun / ~する noun:

• coming to live (at a place)

noun:

• shawm-like instrument played by street vendors (sometimes referred to as a flute) - From Portuguese "charamela" ➜ 哨吶【さない】

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to have carnal knowledge (of a woman)

noun:

• spear carrier (for the master of a samurai family) - archaism

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to pluck (e.g. a fruit, a leaf); to pick; to tear off (e.g. a ticket stub, a branch from a tree)

noun:

• content (of a mineral, etc.)

noun / ~する noun:

• (making a) statement