expression:

• refraining from offering the (New Year's) greetings during the period of mourning - four character idiom

expression:

• losing everything; coming to nothing; having lost the interest and the principal

noun:

• Southern Cross (asterism formed with the brightest four stars of the constellation Crux) - Astronomy term ➜ 南十字星

noun:

• standard days signifying the changing of the seasons (i.e. setsubun, higan, etc.)

noun:

• neo-Confucianism (based on the teaching of the Cheng brothers and Zhu Xi) - obscure term ➜ 宋学

noun:

• defilement; impurity; affliction - Buddhism term
• object (perceived with the mind or the senses)

numeric:

• one billionth

noun:

• aureole (of a Buddhist statue; surrounding the body but not the head); aureola

noun:

• the three tones of Chinese that exclude the high-level, or first, tone

expression:

• one thing after another; out of the frying pan and into the fire - idiom

noun:

• woman bestowed with the title "in" (usu. the empress, imperial princesses, etc.) - honorific language ➜ 院

noun:

• incidentally; taking the opportunity; while (you) are at it; on the occasion ➜ 序でに

noun:

• nut (on the head of a shamisen, supporting the second and third strings) - obscure term ➜ 上駒

noun:

• Western medicine (as introduced to Japan by the Dutch during the Edo period)

noun:

• style of drawing the human face, popular in the Heian period

noun:

• cutting off the leg at the knee (form of punishment in ancient China) - archaism ➜ 五刑

noun:

• cutting off the leg at the knee (form of punishment in ancient China) - archaism - obscure term ➜ 剕

noun:

• water left in buckets on the roadside during the summer for travellers

noun:

• ceremony honouring the spirits of ancestors (esp. the Bon festival) ➜ 霊祭【れいさい】・盂蘭盆

noun:

• juvenile delinquent under the age of fourteen; minor in trouble with the law

noun:

• eisa (Okinawan folk dance that marks the end of the Bon festival)

noun:

• Panthalassa; vast global ocean during the late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic periods

noun:

• street with tramline; railroad track
• railroading the opponent straight out of the ring - Sumo term ➜ 電車道相撲

noun:

• hairdresser's room in the residence of the shogun or a noble - archaism

noun:

• private constitutional drafts prepared before the adoption of the Meiji Constitution in 1889

noun:

• hoverboard; hover board; fictional hovering skateboard from the Back to the Future series