noun:

• diligence in studying (e.g. continuing to study even in such poor light as offered by a firefly or that reflected by snow); diligent study

adjectival noun / noun:

• thin (e.g. air); diluted; sparse; lean; weak; rarified; rarefied
• lacking (e.g. empathy); deficient; insufficient (e.g. zeal)

noun:

• new rice field; newly developed rice field
• wasteland or marshland newly reclaimed as a rice field (Edo period)

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to cure; to heal - usu. 治す
• to fix; to correct; to repair - usu. 直す

auxiliary verb:

• to do over again - after -masu base of verb; usu. 直す
• to replace; to put back as it was - usu. 直す - Kansai dialect
• to convert (into a different state); to transform - usu. 直す

noun:

• length and width; length and breadth; lengthwise and crosswise; longitude and latitude; vertical and horizontal
• four cardinal points; every direction ［じゅうおう］
• as one wishes; as one pleases; at will ［じゅうおう］
• warp and weft; warp and woof ［たてよこ］ ➜ 経緯【たてよこ】

noun:

• humble samurai who served as a body guard on foot ➜ 徒侍
• bodyguards in service of the shogun who would walk ahead of him on an outing (Edo period) ➜ 徒士組【かちぐみ】

godan ~う verb:

• to say enough (as much as required); to say plenty
• to say well; to say cleverly; to say elegantly
• to say often; to say frequently
• to say without shame; to say impudently - oft. as an admonition in the form of よく言うよ

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to fail to hear something; to miss
• to act as if one didn't hear something; to let a remark slide

noun:

• Dragon's beard candy; Chinese cotton candy; Chinese pastry, similar to Turkish pishmaniye or Persian pashmak (thin pastry threads outside, filling inside) - Food term ➜ 竜の髭

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to be temperate in; to refrain; to abstain; to hold back; to restrain oneself from excessive ...
• to make notes; to jot down (e.g. phone number)

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to be in preparation for; to be in waiting for
• to be soon; to be in the offing

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to be in a close relationship (e.g. as a backer, etc.)

~する verb (spec.) / transitive:

• to distribute; to arrange; to allot (to a position of authority, etc.) ➜ 配る
• to arrange; to lay out (as in decorating)
• to marry off - archaism
• to exile; to banish - archaism

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to distribute; to arrange; to allot (to a position of authority, etc.) ➜ 配する
• to arrange; to lay out (as in decorating)
• to marry off
• to exile; to banish

noun:

• study of the English language as a means to acquire Western knowledge (esp. after the end of Japan's period of isolation)
• English literature; British studies

noun:

• living; being alive Antonym: 死に
• freshness; liveliness; vitality
• situation in which a group of stones cannot be captured because it contains two or more gaps (in go)
• stet; leave as-is (proofreading) - usually イキ - usually written using kana alone

prefix:

• damned

expression:

• where ... is concerned; when it comes to ...; if it comes to ...; as far as ... is concerned

noun:

• kōji; malted rice; malt; malt-like material from growing mold on rice, barley, beans, etc. (used as a starter to make sake, miso, soy sauce, etc.)

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to cause to embrace; to combine; to conjoin
• to sell strong-selling products and poorly selling products together as a package

expression / ~する verb (spec.):

• to qualify (as); to have the qualifications (for ...); to be entitled to; to have a claim (for)

noun:

• one's own effort; doing single-handedly
• a game (of go, shogi, etc.); a match
• a dance; a (musical) composition
• a company (e.g. of soldiers); a group; a party
• one hand

noun:

• branch of a sacred tree (esp. sakaki) with paper or cotton strips attached (used as an offering) - Shintō term
• sakaki (species of evergreen sacred to Shinto, Cleyera japonica) ➜ 榊

noun:

• grandfather (may be used after name as honorific) - usu. 祖父さん ➜ お祖父さん
• male senior-citizen (may be used after name as honorific) - usu. 爺さん ➜ 爺ちゃん

noun:

• grandfather (may be used after name as honorific) - usu. 祖父ちゃん - familiar language ➜ 祖父さん
• male senior-citizen (may be used after name as honorific) - usu. 爺ちゃん ➜ 爺さん

expression / godan ~む verb:

• to repeat a mistake (of somebody); to make the same mistake as that of ...; to follow the rut (left by someone else) [literal] ➜ 前車の轍を踏む・前轍を踏む

noun:

• wife (esp. one's own wife)
• court lady; female court attache; woman who served at the imperial palace ［にょうぼう・にゅうぼう］
• woman (esp. as a love interest) ［にょうぼう・にゅうぼう］ - archaism

conjunction:

• for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; in favor of; in favour of; on behalf of
• because of; as a result of