noun:

• woman who earns her living by entertaining with song, dance and playing the shamisen; geisha who sings at parties

noun:

• Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1875); Russo-Japanese treaty in which Japan exchanged Sakhalin for the Kuril Islands

noun:

• Heian-period boarding school (for children of a specific noble clan) established near the former central university of Kyoto ➜ 大学寮・七大私学

noun:

• side house (to the east, west, or north of a main residence; home to women, children and servants) ➜ 寝殿造

noun:

• standing by at home (e.g. to prevent the spread of illness)
• being on furlough; being temporarily laid off

noun:

• kanji reading that has not been approved by the government (and is not to be taught in public schools)

noun:

• name plate on the front of a train, bus, etc.; number plate; rollsign; roll sign - From English "head mark"

noun:

• initial response (e.g. to a crisis); action in the earliest stages
• initial shock (of an earthquake); preliminary tremor

noun:

• Cichlidae; family of fishes exhibiting fusion of the lower pharyngeal bones into a single tooth-bearing structure

noun:

• Cichlidae; family of fishes exhibiting fusion of the lower pharyngeal bones into a single tooth-bearing structure

noun:

• luo han guo (Siraitia grosvenorii); herbaceous perennial vine native to China and Thailand; fruit of the Siraita grosvenorii

expression:

• state of uncertainty; limbo; leaving unfinished with the intention of inflicting suffering; dragging out tortuously; half-killing a snake [literal]

noun:

• lido; area on a cruise ship having the main outdoor swimming pool and sunbathing area

noun:

• sinking of the South Korean navy ship Cheonan (allegedly by a North Korean torpedo; Mar. 26, 2010)

noun:

• outer layer (e.g. of skin); cuticle; epidermis; bark; rind; crust; film (on the surface of a liquid); scum ➜ 上皮

noun:

• Jaws of Life (apparatus used to pry apart the wreckage of crashed vehicles) - trademark

noun:

• polished gyaru; girl or young woman adhering to a toned down version of the gyaru fashion trend - colloquialism ➜ ギャル

expression / noun:

• lost twenty years [literal]
• period of economic stagnation in Japan that began ca. 1991 and not over in the 2010s

noun:

• territory of a stall vendor
• spot on a farm where the harvest would be put in order (Edo period) - archaism

noun:

• feeble anger (that one cannot act on because one is powerless); the clenching teeth of a dried sardine [literal] - idiom

noun:

• cheating at pachinko (for monetary gain; through illegal tampering with the machines, etc.); scamming a pachinko parlor - ゴト is orig. an abbr. of 仕事 ➜ パチンコ

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to wear (in modern Japanese, from the shoulders down); to put on
• to bear (guilt, etc.)

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to miss a meal
• to lose the means to make one's livelihood

expression / godan ~う verb:

• to suffer a blast or indirect blow; to be subject to the surplus force of an impetus

expression / godan ~す verb:

• to outwit; to get the better of; to overcome a superior opponent and leave him speechless