noun:

• notice or order handed down from above; announcement; notification ➜ 達し
• Edo-period proclamation issued by the shogunate (or a daimyo, etc.) to the concerned parties ➜ 御触書

noun:

• new straw; straw from the current year
• rice seedlings boiled and dried and then tied into a woman's hair to chase evil spirits away

noun:

• turning over; flipping over
• reply; response
• marks written alongside characters in a classical Chinese text to indicate their ordering when read in Japanese ➜ 返り点
• lapel

noun / ~する noun:

• being in someone's service for the first time; participating for the first time
• visiting a shrine (or temple) for the first time

noun / ~の noun:

• telepathy; tacit understanding; thought transference; communion of mind with mind - four character idiom

noun:

• non-verbal Zen Buddhist transmission to a disciple of the central tenets of Buddhism - four character idiom - Buddhism term

noun / ~する noun / ~の noun:

• using all of one's strength (to); giving (it) everything one has got; going full-out - four character idiom
• throwing a ball as hard as one can - Baseball term

noun:

• manager; steward; person next in rank to the chief retainer and in charge of general management and accounting in a samurai family (Edo period) - honorific language ➜ 用人

noun:

• here (place physically close to the speaker, place pointed by the speaker while explaining); this place ➜ 何処・其処・彼処
• these last (followed by a duration noun and a past sentence: time period before the present time of the speaker) ➜ 今迄
• these next ... (followed by a duration noun and a non past sentence: time period after the present time of the speaker); the next ... ➜ 此れから

expression:

• if everyone crosses against the red light, then there's nothing to be afraid of; there's no reason to feel guilty about doing something bad if everyone does it - proverb

prefix:

• surplus- (attaches to start of Sino-Japanese words); excess-; over-
• per- (chemical with more of a certain element than found in other compounds of the same constituents)

expression:

• each day; from day to day; day-to-day

noun:

• constitution (physical); physical make-up; predisposition (to disease); disposition; tendency
• character (of a group, organization, etc.); innate characteristics; make-up; nature; culture

noun:

• sign staked to a building's ridgepole at construction time stating the building's donor, builder, date, reason for construction, etc.

noun:

• using multiple simple paper masks to represent different emotions in a play (from the middle of the Edo period) ➜ 百面相
• simple paper mask ➜ 目鬘

noun / ~する noun:

• going to serve one's lord

noun:

• daimyo's alternating Edo residence; official attendance service (by a daimyo in the Edo era) - abbreviation ➜ 参勤交代

expression:

• till; to; over (a period); through (e.g. Monday through Thursday); about (approx. time or place); on
• concerning (an area of expertise)
• swearing by (one's sword, God, etc.)

noun / ~する noun:

• crossing; traversing
• traversing horizontally; passing west to east (or east to west)
• cutting horizontally

expression / godan ~す verb:

• to expose one's true colors (colours); to expose one's true character - idiom

noun:

• opinion (in legal context); indication

~する noun:

• to hold that (in legal context); to judge that

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to be drawn in by something wicked; to be won over by something wicked - archaism

expression:

• now that it's come to this; since it's come to this

expression / adjective:

• it goes without saying; there is no need to say so, but of course; it is needless to say; it need scarcely be said

noun:

• thrust; stab; lunge; pass (in fencing)
• tsuki; thrust to the throat (in kendo) - Martial Arts term
• tsuki; thrust to the chest - Sumo term

expression / adverb:

• by the end of this year; before the year comes to a close; during this year

noun:

• one's own country
• home country (as opposed to a colony)
• country of one's ancestors