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JLPTN2

論ずる^☆【ろんずるronzuru】 Inflection

ichidan ~ずる verb (alt. form of じる verbs) / transitive:

to discuss; to talk about; to deal with (a topic) ➜ 論じる【ろんじる】
to argue; to dispute ➜ 論じる【ろんじる】
to take into consideration; to make an issue of - usu. in negative sentences ➜ 論じる【ろんじる】

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JLPTN2

ねじるnejiru^☆《捩る・捻る・拗る・捩じる^irr.・捻じる^irr.・拗じる^irr.》よじるyojiru・もじるmojiru《捩る》 Inflection

godan ~る verb / transitive:

to screw; to twist
to distort; to parody; to make a pun - esp. もじる
to torture; to wrest

そのsono 取っ手totte をwo 右migi にniねじるnejiruとto 箱hako はha 開きますhirakimasu。 Twist that knob to the right and the box will open.

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JLPTN2

あぶるaburu《炙る・焙る》 Inflection

godan ~る verb / transitive:

to warm (e.g. one's hands over a fire); to dry
to toast; to grill; to broil; to roast; to scorch

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JLPTN3

訴える^☆【うったえるuttaeru】 Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

to raise; to bring to (someone's attention)
to appeal to (reason, emotions, etc.); to work on (one's emotions); to play on (one's sympathies) ➜ 理性に訴える
to complain
to sue (a person); to take someone to court
to resort to (e.g. arms, violence) ➜ 暴力に訴える

同性dousei をwo セクハラSEKUHARA でde訴えるuttaeruことkoto できないdekinai のno かしらkashira。 I wonder if you can sue someone of the same sex for sexual harassment?

政府seifu はha 通常tsuujou インフレINFURE がga あるaru 水準suijun にni 達したtasshita 場合baai はha、物価bukka のno 抑制yokusei のno 措置sochi にni訴えるuttaeru。 Governments usually resort to price control when inflation has reached a certain level.

彼女kanojo はha 頭痛zutsuu をwo訴えるuttaeru、それsore もmo しょっちゅうshotchuu だda。 She complains of headaches, and that very often.

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JLPTN1

漏れる^☆【もれるmoreru】洩れる Inflection

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

to leak out; to escape; to come through; to shine through; to filter out
to find expression; to give vent
to leak out; to be divulged; to be disclosed
to be omitted; to be left out; to be excluded; to be not included

私watashi はha ギャングGYANGU がga 玄関genkan からkara漏れるmoreru明かりakari をwo 受けてukete 横たわっているyokotawatteiru のno をwo 見たmita。 I saw a gangster lying in the light from the hall.

そのsono 話hanashi がga漏れるmoreruとto 私watashi はha 困ったことkomattakoto にni なるnaru。 I'll be in trouble if the story gets out.

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せき止める【せきとめるsekitomeru】堰き止める・塞き止める Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

to dam up; to hold back; to keep back; to bring to a halt; to intercept
to stem (an activity); to check (e.g. progress)

川kawa のno 水mizu をwoせき止めるsekitomeruためにtameni 堤防teibou がga 建設kensetsu されたsareta。 A bank was built to keep back the water of the river.

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JLPTN4

立てる^☆【たてるtateru】 Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

to stand up; to put up; to set up; to erect; to raise - also written as 起てる
to thrust into; to bury into; to dig into
to make (a noise); to start (a rumour); to raise (a cloud of dust, etc.); to cause
to make; to establish; to set up; to develop; to formulate
to put up (a political candidate); to make (one's leader)
to treat with respect; to give (someone) their due; to make (someone) look good; to avoid embarrassing (someone)
to sharpen; to make clear
to shut; to close ➜ 閉てる
to make tea (matcha); to perform the tea ceremony ➜ 点てる
to divide by

suffix / ichidan verb:

to do ... vigorously - after the -masu stem of a verb

彼kare はha 怒るokoru とto よくyoku 大声oogoe をwoたてるtateru。 He is liable to shout when angry.

失敗shippai したshita！もっとmotto、余裕yoyuu をwo もってmotte 計画keikakuたてるtateruべきbeki だったdatta。 I choked! I should have come up with a proper plan first.

人生jinsei とto はha、他ta のno 予定yotei をwo立てるtateruことkoto にni 忙しくisogashiku しshi てte いるiru 時toki にni 起こるokoru 現象genshou のno ことkoto だda。 Life is what happens to you while you're busy making other plans.

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JLPTN5

あれare^☆・あa^obs.《彼》

noun:

that (indicating something distant from both speaker and listener (in space, time or psychologically), or something understood without naming it directly) ➜ 何れ・此れ・其れ
that person (used to refer to one's equals or inferiors)
over there - archaism
down there (i.e. one's genitals) ［あれ］ - colloquialism
period; menses ［あれ］ - colloquialism

interjection:

hey (expression of surprise, suspicion, etc.); huh?; eh?

noun:

that (something mentioned before which is distant psychologically or in terms of time)

あれareがga このkono 町machi のno 大通りoodoori だda。 That is the main street of this city.

あれareならnara 絶対zettai 大丈夫daijoubu！ Yeah, she must be the sure thing!

あれare？何nani だろdaro？パフォーマンスPAFUOOMANSU でもdemo やってるyatteru のno かka？ Hello, what's that? Somebody doing street theatre or something?

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と見られる【とみられるtomirareru】 Inflection

expression / ichidan verb:

to be believed to; to be expected to; to be feared to; to be poised to; to be considered to; to be likely to - often preceded by verb

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JLPTN1

添える^☆【そえるsoeru】副える Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

to garnish; to accompany (as a card does a gift)
to add to as support; to prop up
to accompany (as an aid, guide, translator, etc.)
to mimic; to imitate - archaism
to draw something near to oneself; to approach nearby - archaism

普通のfutsuuno 看護師kangoshi はha、ちんこchinko にni 溲瓶shibin もmo添えるsoeruしshi 手術shujutsu のno 時toki はha 剃毛soke もmo するsuru ぞzo。 A typical nurse will do such things as helping with a urinal bottle, and shaving in preparation for surgery!

歳月saigetsu はha 距離kyori 同様douyou二重の二juuno魅力miryoku をwo添えるsoeru。 Age, like distance, lends a double charm.

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絞り上げる【しぼりあげるshiboriageru】搾り上げる・しぼり上げる Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

to squeeze (to the utmost); to wring out
to squeeze (money) out of someone; to wring (money) from
to scold; to criticize severely; to lay into
to train ruthlessly; to give punishing training
to strain (one's voice)
to gather up (a curtain)

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貫き通す^☆【つらぬきとおすtsuranukitoosu・ぬきとおすnukitoosu^obs.】つらぬき通す【つらぬきとおすtsuranukitoosu】 Inflection

godan ~す verb / transitive:

to go through; to pierce; to penetrate ➜ 貫く【つらぬく】
to stick to (opinion, principles, etc.); to carry out; to persist with; to keep (e.g. faith); to maintain (e.g. independence) ➜ 貫く【つらぬく】

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JLPTN3

伺う^☆【うかがうukagau】 Inflection

godan ~う verb / transitive:

to ask; to inquire; to hear; to be told - humble language
to implore (a god for an oracle); to seek direction (from your superior)

godan ~う verb / intransitive verb:

to visit - humble language
to speak to (a large crowd at a theatre, etc.) - from 御機嫌を伺う

病気のbyoukino ためtame 本日honjitsu はhaうかがうukagauことができませんでしたkotogadekimasendeshita。 On account of illness, I couldn't call on you today.

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頭を下げる【あたまをさげるatamawosageru】 Inflection

expression / ichidan verb:

to bow; to bow one's head
to apologize; to apologise
to bow to; to yield to; to admire

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腐らす【くさらすkusarasu】 Inflection

godan ~す verb / transitive:

to let spoil; to leave to rot; to cause to rot; to corrode
to discourage; to dishearten

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腐らせる【くさらせるkusaraseru】 Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

to let spoil; to leave to rot; to cause to rot; to corrode ➜ 腐らす
to discourage; to dishearten ➜ 腐らす

腐ったkusatta りんごringo はha 仲間nakama をwo腐らせるkusaraseru。 The rotten apple injures its neighbors.

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JLPTN1

賄う^☆【まかなうmakanau】 Inflection

godan ~う verb / transitive:

to supply (goods, money, etc.); to cover (costs); to pay; to finance; to maintain (e.g. a family)
to give board; to provide meals

父親chichioya はha 家族kazoku のno 生活seikatsu をwoまかなうmakanau。 A father provides for his family.

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透かす【すかすsukasu】 Inflection

godan ~す verb / transitive:

to look through
to hold up to the light
to make an opening; to leave space; to space (lines); to prune (trees)
to fart without making a sound

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JLPTN1

留める^☆【とどめるtodomeru】止める・停める Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

to stop; to stay (e.g. the night); to cease; to put an end to
to contain; to keep (in position, in place); to limit
to record (e.g. a fact); to retain ➜ 記憶にとどめる

我々wareware はha あらゆるarayuru 学校gakkou をwo 運営un'ei させsase 続けtsuzuke、あらゆるarayuru 教師kyoushi をwo 職shoku にniとどめてtodometeおくoku べきbeki ですdesu。 We should keep every school open and every teacher in his job.

彼のkareno 勇気yuuki はha 歴史rekishi にni 名na をwoとどめたtodometa。 His courage went down in history.

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食わす^☆【くわすkuwasu】 Inflection

godan ~す verb / transitive:

to feed (e.g. an animal on oats); to let eat; to serve (e.g. in a restaurant); to force to eat ➜ 食わせる
to support (e.g. a family); to provide for; to keep
to inflict (damage); to deal (e.g. a blow); to administer
to deceive; to cheat; to trick ➜ 一杯食わす

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食わせる【くわせるkuwaseru】 Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

to feed (e.g. an animal on oats); to let eat; to serve (e.g. in a restaurant); to force to eat ➜ 食わす
to support (e.g. a family); to provide for; to keep
to inflict (damage); to deal (e.g. a blow); to administer
to deceive; to cheat; to trick ➜ 一杯食わせる

あのano レストランRESUTORAN はha ひどいhidoi ものmono をwo食わせるkuwaseru。 They serve terrible food at that restaurant.

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投じる^☆【とうじるtoujiru】 Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

to throw; to cast (e.g. vote, light, shadow)
to devote oneself (e.g. to a cause) - in the form of 身を投じる ➜ 身を投じる
to invest; to put in
to administer (medicine); to give

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

to surrender
to take advantage of; to make full use of
to fit well with; to match with; to be in tune with
to stay (at a lodging)

反対hantai 票hyou をwo投じるtoujiruつもりtsumori だda。 I'm voting no.

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投ずる【とうずるtouzuru】 Inflection

ichidan ~ずる verb (alt. form of じる verbs):

to throw; to cast (e.g. vote, light, shadow) - usu. 投じる ➜ 投じる

ichidan ~ずる verb (alt. form of じる verbs) / transitive:

to devote oneself (e.g. to a cause) - in the form of 身を投ずる
to invest; to put in
to administer (medicine); to give

ichidan ~ずる verb (alt. form of じる verbs) / intransitive verb:

to surrender
to take advantage of; to make full use of
to fit well with; to match with; to be in tune with
to stay (at a lodging)

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JLPTN1

つまむtsumamu^☆《摘む・摘まむ・撮む・抓む》 Inflection

godan ~む verb / transitive:

to pinch; to hold (between one's fingers); to pick up (with chopsticks, tweezers, etc.)
to pick up and eat; to snack on
to pick out (the main point); to summarize; to sum up
to bewitch; to possess; to fascinate - usu. as つままれる

息iki をwo 止めてtomete 鼻hana をwoつまみtsumamiなさいnasai。 Hold your breath and pinch your nostrils.

彼女kanojo はha 雛菊hinagiku をwo摘むtsumamuのno をwo やめたyameta。 She stopped picking daisies.

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蝕む^☆【むしばむmushibamu】虫食む Inflection

godan ~む verb / intransitive verb:

to be worm-eaten; to be eaten by worms
to affect adversely; to spoil; to ruin; to undermine; to gnaw at (one's heart, body, etc.); to eat into; to destroy

癌gan のようにnoyouni蝕むmushibamu静寂seijaku。 Silence grows like cancer.

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