noun:

• explanatory notes (at the start of a book); introductory remarks; usage guide (e.g. of a dictionary)
• legend (on maps, drawings, etc.) ➜ キャプション

noun:

• garden bonfire (esp. one held on the imperial grounds) - archaism

noun:

• Mt Sumeru (in Buddhism - said to be the highest mountain rising in the center of the world) (centre)

noun:

• incarcerating a criminal in a temple as a form of punishment (popular during the latter Muromachi and Azuchi-Momoyama periods) - obscure term ➜ 寺入り

noun:

• self-motion (esp. in the Hegelian dialectic, dialectical materialism, etc.); self-movement

noun:

• super spreader (carrier of a viral disease who spreads the virus to a large number of other people)

noun:

• Tsushima marten (Martes melampus tsuensis, a subspecies of the Japanese marten) ➜ 貂

noun:

• Imperial New Year's Lectures (ceremony in which the emperor and members of the imperial family Their Majesties listen to expert lectures in the fields of human, social and natural sciences)

noun:

• dharmalaksana (dharma characteristics, the specific characteristics of all manifest phenomena) - Buddhism term ➜ 法性
• Hosso sect of Buddhism - abbreviation ➜ 法相宗

noun:

• inner offerer (any of the 10 high-ranking monks serving at the inner offering hall) - abbreviation ➜ 内供奉

noun:

• Shisui Faction (of the LDP)

noun:

• ferret badger (esp. the Chinese ferret-badger, Melogale moschata)

noun:

• (the crime of) bribery

noun:

• Randall's pygmy goby (Trimma randalli, species in Palau and the Philippines)

noun:

• Orectolobus (genus containing 9 species of wobbegong carpet sharks in the family Orectolobidae)

noun / ~する noun:

• acrobatic barrel-rolling (performed using the feet while lying on the back)
• handing something around (within a fixed group of people in a pre-arranged order)
• handing off a problem to someone else (in order to evade responsibility)

noun:

• graceful catshark (Proscyllium habereri, found in the Western Pacific)

noun:

• (the crime of) rioting

noun:

• Paracanthurus (genus in the family Acanthuridae whose sole member is the palette surgeonfish)

noun:

• Crepidiastrum keiskeanum (species of plant in the daisy family)

noun:

• Bundesrat (lower house of the German parliament)

noun:

• criminal conspiracy (participation in the planning a crime, but not its execution)

noun / ~する noun:

• interpreter (in the Edo period)

noun:

• (the likes of) a mere actor - four character idiom

noun:

• reed warbler (esp. the great reed warbler, but also the black-browed reed warbler) ➜ 小葦切・大葦切