pronoun:

• this (indicating an item near the speaker, the action of the speaker, or the current topic) ➜ 何れ・其れ・彼【あれ】
• this person (usu. indicating someone in one's in-group) - humble language
• now
• here - archaism
• I (me) - archaism
• certainly - archaism

pronoun:

• that (indicating an item or person near the listener, the action of the listener, or something on their mind); it ➜ 何れ・此れ・彼【あれ】
• that time; then
• there (indicating a place near the listener) - archaism
• you - archaism

pronoun:

• that way (direction distant from the speaker, close to the listener) ➜ 何方【どちら】・此方【こちら】・彼方【あちら】
• there (place distant from the speaker, close to the listener)
• that one (something close to the listener)
• you; your family; your company
• that person (someone close to the listener)

noun:

• this way (direction close to the speaker or towards the speaker); this direction ➜ 何方【どちら】・其方・彼方【あちら】
• here (place close to the speaker or where the speaker is)
• this one (something physically close to the speaker)

pronoun:

• I; me; we; us
• this person (someone physically close to the speaker and of equal or higher status)

noun:

• hair (on the head)

adjectival noun / ~の noun / noun:

• a long time (since the last time); first in a long time

noun:

• futon (quilted Japanese-style mattress laid out on the floor)
• round cushion used for Zen meditation (traditionally made of woven bulrush leaves)

pre-noun adjectival:

• such (about the actions of the listener, or about ideas expressed or understood by the listener); like that; that sort of ➜ あんな・こんな・どんな

adverb / ~と adverb / ~する noun:

• tightly (holding on); firmly; securely - onomatopoeia
• strongly (built); solidly; sturdily; steadily - onomatopoeia
• properly; well; sufficiently; hard (working, etc.); fully; completely - onomatopoeia
• reliably; dependably; levelheadedly; shrewdly; wisely; cleverly - onomatopoeia

noun:

• monkey (esp. the Japanese macaque, Macaca fuscata); ape; non-human primate ➜ ニホンザル
• sly person - derogatory term
• idiot; hick - derogatory term
• sliding wooden bolt (for holding a door or window shut)
• clasp used to control the height of a pot-hook ➜ 自在鉤
• bathhouse prostitute - archaism ➜ 湯女

godan ~う verb / intransitive verb:

• to make war (on); to wage war (against); to go to war (with); to fight (with); to do battle (against) - esp. 戦う
• to compete (against) - esp. 戦う
• to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight; to contend; to resist - esp. 闘う

godan ~く verb:

• to ascend (the throne); to accede ➜ 付く【つく】
• to take (seat, position, course, office, etc.); to assume; to be hired; to be employed ［就く］
• to start (on a journey); to commence; to depart ［就く］
• to study (under teacher); to be an apprentice ［就く］

noun:

• eldest son (may be the only son); first-born son

noun / ~する noun:

• entry (on stage); appearance (on screen) Antonym: 退場
• entrance; introduction (into a market)

noun / suffix noun:

• (the) whole; entirety; wholly; as a whole; generally; universally

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to bury (e.g. in the ground)
• to fill up (e.g. audience fills a hall); to cause to be packed
• to plug (a gap); to stop (a gap); to bridge (a difference, a gap); to fill (a seat, a vacant position); to fill out
• to make up for (a loss, shortage, etc.); to make amends; to compensate for
• to put cold water (in a bath)
• to cover; to scatter something over

noun:

• prime minister (as the head of a cabinet government); premier ➜ 内閣総理大臣

adverbial noun / temporal noun:

• Middle Ages (in Japan esp. the Kamakura and Muromachi periods ); medieval times; mediaeval times

noun / ~する noun:

• practice (in the field); training (esp. practical and hands-on); practical exercise; drill

interjection / noun:

• crying "banzai" (or raising one's hands in the banzai gesture)
• something worthy of celebration
• giving up ［ばんざい］
• long time - archaism
• eternal life (and prosperity) - archaism

interjection:

• banzai (a celebratory cheer); hurrah (hooray, hurray)

noun:

• yukata (light cotton kimono worn in the summer or used as a bathrobe) ➜ 湯帷子

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to serve (in a bowl, on a plate, etc.); to dish out; to dish up; to fill (a bowl) with
• to pile up; to heap up; to fill up; to stack up
• to administer (medicine, poison); to dose out; to prescribe
• to put into (e.g. information in a report, meaning in a statement)
• to mark out (e.g. scale); to graduate (e.g. thermometer)
• to exaggerate; to apply heavy makeup - slang

noun:

• cape (on coast)

godan ~む verb / intransitive verb:

• to become clear (water, air, etc.); to become transparent
• to resonate clearly (e.g. voice)
• to become serene; to become tranquil; to be free of worries
• to pronounce as an unvoiced sound ➜ 清音

noun:

• accent (on a syllable, word); stress; pitch accent
• intonation; inflection; cadence
• (language) accent (e.g. American, British)
• accent (e.g. in a design); highlight; emphasis
• accent (on a note) - Music term