noun / ~する noun:

• second helping; another cup; seconds ➜ 代わり【かわり】

interjection:

• command to have dog place its second paw in one's hand ➜ お手【おて】

noun:

• sneeze

expression:

• spoken twice in response to someone sneezing as a charm against an early death ［くさめ］ - idiom

godan ~く verb / intransitive verb:

• to be thirsty; to feel thirsty ➜ 喉が乾く
• to thirst for; to crave - often as 〜に渇いた

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to gnaw; to nibble; to bite; to munch; to crunch
• to dabble in; to have a smattering of

noun / ~する noun:

• public performance
• exhibition in a foreign country - Sumo term

noun:

• document; writing; letter; paperwork; note; records; archives
• document addressed to someone in particular (jargon used in paleography) ［もんじょ］

noun:

• retirement age
• years of service in a military rank before eligibility for promotion - archaism

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to harden; to freeze; to strengthen; to solidify; to make (a fist); to tramp down (snow, dirt) ➜ 土を固める【つちをかためる】
• to put together; to collect; to gather; to consolidate
• to make secure; to stabilize; to settle down; to strengthen (belief, resolution, etc.); to establish (evidence) ➜ 身を固める【みをかためる】
• to fortify; to reinforce; to support ➜ 国境を固める【こっきょうをかためる】・嘘で固める【うそでかためる】
• to wear for a specific purpose (armor, coat, etc.) - in the form に身をかためる
• to swear; to resolutely vow; to sincerely promise
• to tie tightly; to fasten
• to hold a bow fully drawn

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to plan; to attempt; to devise
• to plot; to conspire; to scheme - esp. 謀る
• to aim for; to strive for; to work towards; to seek ［図る］
• to deceive; to trick; to take in ［謀る］

noun / ~の noun:

• duty; sense of duty; honor; honour; decency; courtesy; debt of gratitude; social obligation

~の noun:

• in-law; relation by marriage

adverb:

• first of all; at once; right away
• for now; for the time being

adverb:

• originally; essentially; naturally; by nature; really; actually
• in the first place; to begin with

noun:

• husband; groom
• (one's) son-in-law

noun / ~の noun:

• expert; professional; master; connoisseur Antonym: 素人【しろうと】
• woman in the nightlife business; demimondaine; geisha and prostitutes ➜ 素人

noun:

• annual tree ring; growth ring
• experience in life

noun:

• embankment; bank
• beef sinew stewed in miso and mirin - abbreviation ➜ どて焼き

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to finger; to touch; to play with; to fiddle with; to toy with
• to make changes to; to tinker with; to tamper with ［いじる］
• to dabble in; to do as a hobby; to play around with ［いじる］
• to grope; to feel around (in one's pocket, bag, etc.) ［まさぐる］

adjectival noun / suffix noun:

• connoisseur; authority

counter:

• counter for letters, notes, documents, etc.

godan ~む verb / intransitive verb / transitive:

• to push into; to cram into; to stuff into; to crowd into

godan ~む verb / transitive:

• to break in; to burgle; to burglarize

particle / conjunction:

• if; when
• and
• with
• particle used for quoting (with speech, thoughts, etc.) ➜ って

noun:

• promoted pawn - abbreviation - Shōgi term ➜ と金

particle:

• ? - at sentence end; indicates question - Kyūshū dialect

godan ~く verb / intransitive verb:

• to be related; to be connected; to be joined together
• to result in; to lead to; to bring about

adverb:

• really; extremely
• in that way - archaism

godan ~う verb / transitive:

• to carry off; to run away with; to sweep away; to snatch; to kidnap; to abduct - also written as 浚う
• to take entirely for oneself; to monopolize

noun:

• motel
• drive-in love hotel ➜ ラブホテル

noun:

• large building; building with a long roof

suffix / counter:

• counter for buildings, apartments, etc.