auxiliary verb / suffix:

• not - after the -nai stem of a verb ➜ ない
• indicates completion - archaism

godan ~ぶ verb / intransitive verb:

• to grow wild; to run to waste; to become degenerate ➜ 荒む
• to become rough (of art, craft, etc.); to lose refinement; to deteriorate (of skill)

godan ~ぶ verb / auxiliary verb / intransitive verb:

• to intensify (of wind, rain, etc.); to become more severe - usu. after -masu stem

godan ~ぶ verb / intransitive verb:

• to do as one pleases; to amuse oneself; to play around ［遊ぶ］ - archaism

expression / auxiliary verb:

• auxiliary verb indicating past condition or occurrence (e.g. "was", "had been", etc.) - archaism

expression / auxiliary verb:

• auxiliary verb indicating the speaker's personal recollection or something they've heard (e.g. "was", "wasn't it?", "is said to have ...", etc.) - archaism

expression / auxiliary:

• does not seem (to be) ➜ では無さそう【ではなさそう】

auxiliary:

• to give; to let one have; to do for one; to be given - contraction of くれろ - Kansai dialect ➜ 呉れる

auxiliary verb / ichidan verb:

• indicates passive voice (incl. the "suffering passive") - れる for 五段 verbs, られる for 一段 verbs. After the -nai stem of a verb ➜ 迷惑の受身【めいわくのうけみ】
• indicates the potential form - no imperative form
• indicates spontaneous occurrence - no imperative form
• used as an honorific for others' actions - no imperative form - honorific language

auxiliary verb / ichidan verb:

• auxiliary verb indicating the causative - せる is for 五段 verbs, させる for 一段; follows the imperfective form of (v5) and (vs) verbs; senses 1-3 of せる are sometimes abbreviated as 〜す
• auxiliary verb indicating that one has been granted the permission to do something - usu. as 〜(さ)せてもらう, 〜(さ)せていただく, etc. - humble language
• auxiliary verb used as an honorific for others' actions - as 〜(さ)せられる, 〜あら(さ)せられる, 〜(さ)せ給う, etc. - honorific language

auxiliary verb / ichidan verb:

• to do - used for others' actions - honorific language ➜ られる・せる

auxiliary:

• please do (for me) - after the -te form of a verb, punning form of ちょうだい - slang - humorous term

expression / auxiliary:

• must (do, be) - attaches to the imperfective form; from ざり + べし - archaism ➜ なければならない・なくてはならない

conjunction / auxiliary:

• without doing; not being - attaches to the imperfective form ➜ ないで

conjunction / auxiliary:

• even without doing; even without being - attaches to the imperfective form

auxiliary:

• ought to have been; was ... right? - equivalent to ただろう
• to do for (inferiors) - from てやろう - Kansai dialect

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to make (someone) do ➜ 為せる
• to allow (someone) to ➜ 為せる

auxiliary verb / godan ~す verb:

• to let; to allow; to cause - aux. verb indicating the causative
• to be permitted to - aux. verb indicating the granting of permission
• to do - aux. verb used as an honorific for others' actions - honorific language

noun:

• swidden - archaism

auxiliary verb:

• should not be; must not be - archaism ➜ まじ

auxiliary verb:

• did; (have) done - だ after certain verb forms; indicate past or completed action ➜ だ
• (please) do - indicates mild imperative ➜ だ

auxiliary:

• indicates continuing action - で after certain verb forms ➜ で

auxiliary verb:

• indicates speculation - after the imperfective form of certain verbs and adjectives
• indicates will
• indicates invitation

auxiliary verb:

• (I) will; (I) shall - on non-五段 stem, e.g. 食べる→食べよう; indicates intention
• let's - on non-五段 stem; indicates suggestion or invitation
• (I) wonder (if); might it be (that); maybe; perhaps; perchance - on non-五段 stem; indicates speculation

interjection:

• hey; yo; hi - familiar language

particle:

• come on; hey - empathetic version of よ ➜ よ

noun:

• dagger; dirk; knife
• threatening quality (in a voice, etc.)

prefix:

• muddy; turbid; murky; unclear

auxiliary:

• be; is ［どす］ - polite copula abbreviated from でおす - polite language - abbreviation - Kyōto dialect ➜ おす

auxiliary:

• I will ...; I'm going to ... - commonly used at the end of ultra-short sentences on microblogs, e.g. Twitter - slang

auxiliary:

• to be; to exist - often as でげす - archaism - polite language ➜ ございます

auxiliary:

• be; is - polite copula - archaism - polite language ➜ でございます

auxiliary verb:

• to do - probably from なさいます, primarily used by prostitutes in brothels - archaism - honorific language - female language