noun:

• Dioscorea tokoro (species of wild yam)
• old man living in the countryside ［やろう］

noun:

• complete state ownership of land and citizens (proclaimed by the Taika reforms) (Ritsuryo period) ➜ 私地私民

noun:

• ekayana (doctrine that only one teaching, usu. the Lotus Sutra, can lead to enlightenment) - Buddhism term

expression:

• he who touches pitch shall be defiled therewith; one rotten apple spoils the barrel - proverb

noun:

• University Entrance Qualification Examination (establishes the equivalent of high-school graduation prior to 2005) - abbreviation ➜ 大学入学資格検定

noun:

• University Entrance Qualification Examination (establishes the equivalent of high-school graduation prior to 2005) ➜ 高校卒業程度認定試験

~たる adjective / ~と adverb:

• bright (esp. of the moon)
• broad and empty ［こうこう］

noun:

• style of recitative dance popular during the Muromachi period (often with a military theme)

noun:

• archer's glove (with a groove for pulling the string)

noun:

• Squamata (order of scaled reptiles, sometimes esp. the Sauria or Lacertilia) ➜ 有鱗類

noun:

• satyrid (any butterfly of subfamily Satyrinae, esp. the dryad, Minois dryas); grayling

noun:

• Boxing Day (public holiday in the UK, Aus., Canada, etc.)

noun:

• increase in digit (e.g. if we add 2 to the number 9)

noun:

• erection of a pillar by sinking it directly into the ground

noun:

• empathetically putting oneself in the place of a handicapped person - From English "cap handy"

noun:

• longnose butterfly fish (Forcipiger flavissimus, species of butterflyfish from the Indo-Pacific); forcepsfish

noun:

• redface dwarfgoby (Trimma benjamini, species found in the Western Pacific); ring-eye pygmy-goby

noun:

• whitecheek surgeonfish (Acanthurus nigricans, species of tang from the Eastern Indian and Pacific Oceans)

noun:

• broadfin sawtail catshark (Galeus nipponensis, found in China, Japan, and the Kyushu-Palau Ridge)

expression:

• the poetic feeling of a late spring scene (with flowers scattering and birds chirping) - obscure term - four character idiom

noun:

• geisha; woman who entertains (e.g. by playing the shamisen) for her living - obscure term ➜ 歌妓

noun:

• room arranged for the summer (by removing screens and doors to improve air flow) ➜ 襖【ふすま】・障子

noun:

• small western mirror with mercury added to the glass (Edo period) ➜ 和鏡

noun:

• seven boarding schools established in Kyoto by noble families during the early Heian period ➜ 大学別曹

noun:

• curtain separating a central room from the aisles around it (in palatial-style architecture) ➜ 母屋【もや】・庇