expression / godan ~く verb:

• to have a narrow view of things; to look at the ceiling through a reed [literal]

expression / transitive / ichidan verb:

• to compel; to force; to oblige ➜ 余儀なくされる

expression / noun or verb acting prenominally:

• what is called; what they call; so-called

adverb:

• without advance notice

noun:

• the four major pollution-caused illnesses (Minamata disease, Niigata Minamata disease, Yokkaichi asthma, Itai-itai disease); four big pollution diseases of Japan ➜ 水俣病・第二水俣病・四日市ぜんそく・イタイイタイ病

noun:

• reading a text from start to finish
• transliterating classical Chinese into Japanese ➜ よみくだす

noun / ~の noun:

• budget deficit

noun:

• meaningless; senseless; absurd

noun:

• joining both chopsticks together and using them as a spoon (breach of chopstick etiquette)

~の noun:

• necessary or not; optional (items)

~する verb (spec.) / intransitive verb:

• to bathe
• to receive (an honor, etc.)

noun:

• four panel comic - abbreviation ➜ 四コマ漫画

noun:

• minutes of a pre-trial hearing; records of a preliminary examination

noun:

• bell signalling that work, class, etc. will formally begin shortly; first bell; warning bell ➜ 本鈴

noun / ~する noun:

• employing; employment

noun:

• wingspan

adverb:

• finally ➜ 漸く
• barely; only just ➜ 漸く
• gradually ➜ 漸く

noun:

• infancy

godan ~す verb:

• to skip over; to miss reading

noun:

• side of face ➜ 横っ面

~の noun:

• anti-travel sickness (medicine)

noun:

• fourth-born daughter

noun:

• square-patterned bamboo fence; lattice fence

noun:

• endowment insurance

noun:

• grey nightjar (Caprimulgus indicus)
• nightjar (any bird of family Caprimulgidae); goatsucker
• streetwalker; low class prostitute (Edo period) ［夜鷹］
• soba vendors who walk around at night; soba sold by these vendors ［夜鷹］ - abbreviation ➜ 夜鷹蕎麦