noun / ~の noun:

• some; any; (a) little; of some kind; of some sort

adverb:

• please
• anyway; anyhow; at any rate; after all

adverb:

• unwillingly; grudgingly; reluctantly

noun:

• shaking head in refusal (to children)

interjection:

• no!; no no!; not at all

adverb / ~と adverb:

• crunching; chewing or crushing something hard; scraping; scratching - onomatopoeia

adjectival noun:

• hard and crunchy - onomatopoeia
• very skinny; emaciated; all skin and bones - onomatopoeia

adjective:

• gloomy (e.g. mood); depressing
• irritating; troublesome
• heavy (weather); cloudy

noun:

• fate; destiny
• connection; tie; bond; origin
• pretext; justification
• hetu and prataya (direct causes and indirect conditions, which underlie the actions of all things) - Buddhism term

adjective:

• irritating; troublesome - Ōsaka dialect ➜ 鬱陶しい【うっとうしい】
• gloomy (e.g. mood); depressing - Ōsaka dialect ➜ 鬱陶しい【うっとうしい】
• heavy (weather); cloudy - Ōsaka dialect ➜ 鬱陶しい【うっとうしい】

adverbial noun / temporal noun:

• not less than; ... and more; ... and upwards ➜ 余
• beyond ... (e.g. one's means); further (e.g. nothing further to say); more than ... (e.g. cannot pay more than that)
• above-mentioned; foregoing
• since ...; seeing that ...
• this is all; that is the end; the end

adjectival noun / adverb / noun / ~の noun:

• amount necessary to fill a container (e.g. cupful, spoonful, etc.); drink (usu. alcoholic)
• full
• one squid, octopus, crab, etc.; one boat

adverb / ~の noun / adjectival noun:

• fully; to capacity - usually written using kana alone
• a lot; much - usually written using kana alone

suffix noun / adverbial noun:

• all of ...; the entire ... - usually written using kana alone

adverb / ~と adverb / ~する noun:

• refreshingly; with a feeling of relief; pleasantly; (a weight) off one's shoulder - onomatopoeia ➜ さっぱり
• shapely; neatly; refinedly
• cleanly; without trouble
• clearly; plainly; distinctly ➜ はっきり
• completely; thoroughly ➜ すっかり
• not at all (with negative sentence); not even slightly ➜ さっぱり

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to scatter; to cause a shower of
• to disperse; to distribute; to spread
• to resolve (a symptom, condition, etc.); to relieve; to get rid of; to cure
• to distract; to divert - as 気を散らす, etc. ➜ 気を散らす

suffix / godan ~す verb:

• to do ... wildly (i.e. disorderly or frequently); to do ... all over the place - after the -masu stem of a verb

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to collapse; to crumble
• to get out of shape; to lose one's shape; to become disorganized; to become untidy
• to break down; to be thrown into disarray
• to crash (stock market); to slump; to decline
• to break money into small change
• to turn bad (e.g. weather); to change for the worse; to deteriorate

noun:

• child (esp. a boy)
• viscount ➜ 子爵
• master (founder of a school of thought, esp. Confucius) - honorific language
• philosophy (branch of Chinese literature); non-Confucian Hundred Schools of Thought writings ➜ 諸子百家
• you (of one's equals) - archaism

suffix noun:

• -er (i.e. a man who spends all his time doing...)

adverb:

• or; otherwise
• furthermore; also
• perhaps; by some chance; possibly - archaism
• that being said; be that as it may - archaism
• however; but - archaism
• not to mention; needless to say - archaism
• as expected; sure enough - archaism
• really; at all - used to express emphatic denial, suspicion, or emotion - archaism