noun:

• hired foreigner; foreign advisor hired by the Japanese government for their specialized knowledge to assist in the modernization of Japan at the end of the Bakufu and during the Meiji Era

expression:

• dripping with sweat; doing something by the sweat of one's brow

noun:

• Japanese company active abroad; company partly funded by Japanese nationals

noun:

• piggybacking marketing; the method of making sales by jumping on a bandwagon (like that of a boom, popularity, disaster, etc.) - four character idiom

noun:

• dulce de leche; dessert created by heating sweetened milk to caramelize its sugar - From Spanish

noun:

• door-to-door manzai; form of comedy orig. performed at people's homes by entertainers during the New Year festivities; precursor to modern day manzai ➜ 漫才

noun:

• objective symptoms; symptoms observed by the doctor

noun:

• being addicted to; being wholly absorbed by
• falling ill; becoming sick

interjection:

• not yet!; cry by the referee when one wrestler is on the attack - Sumo term

noun or verb acting prenominally:

• remaining; left-over

expression:

• two blessings at once; flanked by two beautiful women - idiom

adverb:

• caw caw; sound made by crows - onomatopoeia

noun:

• crow - slang - children's language - onomatopoeia

noun:

• being too clever (for one's own good); getting done in by one's own cleverness

suffix noun:

• not having; unaffected by

conjunction:

• aside; I don't know about ... - often as ～は知らず
• I know not whether; I know not if - at the beginning of a sentence - archaism

noun:

• April Theses; series of directives issued by Lenin after his return from exile

noun:

• outsider's perspective; as seen by an observer - often はた目に

noun:

• mandatory indictment; indictment by a lay prosecution committee

noun:

• arbitrated divorce; divorce by arbitration

noun:

• Hexanchidae; family with four species and three genera of cow sharks characterized by either one or two additional pairs of gill slits

noun:

• wrongful death; death caused by violent crime ➜ 非犯罪死

noun:

• horse; block of rock completely separated from the surrounding rock either by mineral veins or fault planes - Geology term

noun / ~する noun:

• going alone; doing by oneself

expression:

• used to create a rhetorical question indicating that the speaker actually believes the opposite is true; emphasizes a determination not to do something by means of a rhetorical question - female language ➜ ものか

expression / noun:

• chance encounter (worth treasuring); a connection made with another person by chance

noun:

• C ration; canned wet ration formerly used by the U.S. military - Military term

expression:

• not straightforward; not dealt with by ordinary means ➜ 一筋縄では行かない