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優【ゆうyuu】 Inflection

adjectival noun:

  • gentle
  • elegant; classy
  • superior; skilled ➜ 優に
  • excellent (in marking, grading, etc.)

noun:

  • actor

新任shinninのno取締役torishimariyakuとしてtoshite江崎ezaki優yuuをwo紹介shoukaiいたしますitashimasu。 You will be interested to know that we have just introduced our new Managing Director, Mr Masaru Ezaki.

ほろほろhorohoro

adverb / ~と adverb:

  • by ones and twos - onomatopoeia
  • tears or flower petals falling quietly - onomatopoeia ➜ はらはら・ぼろぼろ
  • gurgling bird sound - onomatopoeia
  • falling apart; crumbling; melting (in one's mouth) - onomatopoeia

noun:

  • dish made from fiveleaf aralia sprouts, pickled daikon, walnuts, etc. - Food term
JLPTN5
門★【もんmon・かどkado】

noun / suffix noun:

  • gate
  • branch of learning based on the teachings of a single master ［もん］
  • division; phylum ［もん］ - Biology term

counter:

  • counter for cannons ［もん］

２人のno兵士heishiがga、門monのnoところtokoroでde見張りmihariをwoしていたshiteita。 Two soldiers kept guard at the gate.

金kimu門mon橋kyouはha鉄tetsuでdeできているdekiteiru。 The Golden Gate Bridge is made of iron.

JLPTN5
どうもdoumo☆

interjection:

adverb:

  • much (thanks); very (sorry); quite (regret)
  • quite; really; mostly
  • somehow
  • in spite of oneself; try as one might; no matter how hard one may try (to, not to) ➜ どうしても

interjection:

  • greetings; hello; goodbye
JLPTN5
方☆【かたkata】

noun:

  • direction; way - also ほう
  • person; lady; gentleman - honorific language

noun / suffix noun:

  • method of; manner of; way of

suffix noun:

  • care of ...
  • person in charge of ... - also がた
  • side (e.g. "on my mother's side") - also がた

審判shinpanのno方houをwoちらりとchirarito睨むniramuがga、審判shinpanはha涼しいsuzushii顔kaoしてshite鼻クソhanaKUSOをwoほじっていhojitteiやがったyagatta。「ちくしょうchikushou、八百長yaochouかkaよyo・・・」 I glared briefly in the referee's direction but he was putting on a calm face while picking his nose. "Dammit, the fight's a fixup!?"

グリーンGURIIN夫人fujinはha、私のwatashino子供たちkodomotachiがga歌utaをwo習っているnaratteiru方houですdesuがga、今度kondoのno日曜nichiyouにni独唱会dokushoukaiをwo開くhiraku予定yoteiですdesu。 Mrs. Green, from whom my children have lessons in singing, is to have a recital next Sunday.

そのsono少年shounenはhaカーブKAABUのno投げnage方kataをwo知っているshitteiru。 The boy knows how to throw a curve.

JLPTN5
下☆【したshita】

noun:

  • below; down; under; younger (e.g. daughter)
  • bottom
  • beneath; underneath
  • just after; right after - as 下から, 下より, etc.

noun / ~の noun:

  • inferiority; one's inferior (i.e. one's junior)

noun:

prefix noun:

「ところでtokorodeよyo、そのsonoおめーome-のnoおとうさんotousanはhaどこdokoにniいんinのnoさsa？」「横転outenしたshitaトラックTORAKKUのno下shimoなnaんnよyo。」 "By the way, where's your old man?" "Under that over-turned truck."

下shitaにni署名shomeiしてshiteくださいkudasai。 Sign at the bottom, please.

雨ameがga私のwatashinoレインコートREINKOOTOのno下shitaまでmadeしみとおったshimitootta。 The rain penetrated my raincoat.

一番ichiban下kaのno妹imoutoがga出世shusseしたshitaときtoki私watashiはha我を忘れてwagawowasurete嫉妬shittoしたshita。 I was beside myself with jealousy when my youngest sister rose in the world.

JLPTN4
船★【ふねfune】舟・槽

noun:

  • ship; boat; watercraft; vessel; steamship ［船・舟］ - 舟 is often small and hand-propelled
  • tank; tub; vat; trough

suffix noun / counter:

  • counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi) ［船・舟］

彼らkareraはha船funeをwo岸kishiにni引き上げたhikiageta。 They dragged their boat onto the beach.

JLPTN4
都合★【つごうtsugou】 Inflection

adverb / noun:

  • circumstances; condition; convenience

~する noun:

  • to arrange; to manage
  • to lend money; to raise money

adverb:

  • in all; in total; all told

何時itsuがgaごgo都合tsugouよいyoiでしょうかdeshouka。 What time will be right for you?

彼kareはha一身上のisshinjouno都合tsugouでde会社をやめたkaishawoyameta。 He left the company on account of personal reasons.

JLPTN4
祖父★【そふsofu・じじjiji・じいjii・おおじooji・おじoji・そぶsobuobs.】

noun / ~の noun:

  • grandfather
  • old man ［おおじ］ ➜ 爺
  • kyogen mask used for the role of an old man ［おおじ］

我々warewareはha祖父sofuのno名前namaeをwo息子musukoにni名付けたnazuketa。 We named my son after my grandfather.

JLPTN4
引き出し★【ひきだしhikidashi】引出し☆・抽き出し・抽出し・抽斗old・抽匣

noun:

  • drawer
  • withdrawal (of money from an account) - not 抽斗,抽匣
  • variety of knowledge and experience useful for handling things impromptu - not 抽斗,抽匣

今朝kesaはha髪の毛kaminokeがga撥ねてるhaneteruんnだda。せめてsemete手鏡tekagamiをwo貸してkashiteくれkure、そこsokoのno引き出しhikidashiにniしまってあるshimattearuだろdaro。 My hair's messed up this morning. At least lend me a hand mirror - it should be shut in the drawer there.

JLPTN4
暮れる★【くれるkureru】眩れる・暗れる・昏れる Inflection

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

  • to get dark; to grow dark
  • to end (of a day, year, season, etc.); to come to an end; to close
  • to be sunk in (e.g. despair); to be lost in (e.g. thought); to be overcome with

冬fuyuのno日hiはha速くhayaku暮れるkureru。 In the winter, days are shorter.

JLPTN4
だいたいdaitai☆《大体》

noun:

  • outline; main point; gist

adverbial noun / temporal noun:

  • general; substantially; approximately; about
  • in the first place; to begin with; from the start

彼kareはha大体daitaiあなたanataぐらいguraiのno年齢nenreiですdesu。 He's about the same age as you.

JLPTN3
土★【つちtsuchi】地【つちtsuchi・つしtsushi】

noun:

  • earth; soil; dirt; clay; mud
  • the earth (historically, esp. as opposed to the heavens); the ground; the land
  • low-quality torinoko-gami (containing mud) ➜ 鳥の子紙
  • (period of) refraining from construction in the direction of the god of the earth (in Onmyōdō) - also written as 犯土, 椎, 槌 ➜ 陰陽道

農家noukaのno人達hitotachiはha鋤sukiでde土doをwo耕すtagayasu。 Farmers turn up the soil with plows.

雨ameがga降ってfutte土doにni湿り気shimerikeがgaあるaruとto草kusaはha取りtoriやすくyasukuなるnaru。 After it rains and the ground is damp, it's easier to pull weeds.

JLPTN3
列★【れつretsu】

noun:

  • row; line; file; column; queue; rank; procession
  • company (of someone); group; ranks
  • sequence - Mathematics term

counter:

  • counter for rows

このkono数字suujiのno列retsuをwo合計goukeiしshiなさいnasai。 Add up this column of figures.

列retsuをwo上ueにni下shitaにni歩き回るarukimawaru時toki、「ホット・ドッグHOTTO/DOGGUはhaいかがikaga。ホット・ドッグHOTTO/DOGGUはhaいかがikaga。」とto叫ぶsakebu。 As they walk up and down the rows they shout, "Get your hot dogs here! Get your hot dogs!"

JLPTN3
氏★【しshi】

suffix:

  • Mr; Mrs; Ms; Miss - honorific language

noun / suffix:

  • clan

noun:

  • he; him - honorific language

counter:

  • counter for people - honorific language

１９９５年nen、安藤andou氏shiはha建築kenchikuにおけるniokeruもっともmottomo権威ken'iあるaru賞shouをwo受賞jushouしたshita。 In 1995, Andou received architecture's most prestigious award.

それらsoreraのno事実jijitsuからkara判断handanすればsureba、森mori氏shiはha金持ちkanemochiにちがいないnichigainai。 Judging from those facts, Mr Mori must be a wealthy person.

JLPTN3
翼★【つばさtsubasa・よくyoku】

noun:

suffix / counter:

  • counter for birds or bird wings ［よく］ - archaism

それsoreはha翼tsubasaのno全長zenchouがga約yaku４インチINCHIあるaru。 It has a wingspan of about four inches.

JLPTN3
飛び出す★【とびだすtobidasu】飛びだす・飛出す・跳び出す・跳びだす Inflection

godan ~す verb / intransitive verb:

  • to jump out; to rush out; to fly out
  • to appear (suddenly)
  • to protrude; to project
  • to butt in

彼女kanojoはha子供kodomoがga道路douroにni飛び出すtobidasuのnoをwo見てmite強くtsuyokuブレーキをかけたBUREEKIwokaketa。 She braked hard when she saw a child run out into the road.

椎間板ヘルニアtsuikanbanHERUNIAはha背骨seboneのno間maにniあるaru椎間板tsuikanbanというtoiu軟骨nankotsuがga飛び出すtobidasuものmonoですdesu。 Disk herniation is when cartilage, called 'intervertebral disk' and found between each vertebra, slips out.

JLPTN3
題☆【だいdai】

noun:

  • title; subject; theme; topic
  • problem (on a test); question

suffix noun / counter:

  • counter for questions (on a test)

「友情yuujou」というtoiu題daiでde作文sakubunをwo書きkakiなさいnasai。 Write an essay on "Friendship".

先生senseiはha私達watashitachiにni宿題shukudaiとしてtoshite１０題daiのno問題mondaiをwo割り当てたwariateta。 The teacher assigned us ten problems for homework.

JLPTN3
機嫌☆【きげんkigen】譏嫌old・気嫌irr. Inflection

noun:

  • humour; humor; temper; mood; spirits
  • safety; health; well-being; one's situation

adjectival noun:

彼kareはha他人taninのno機嫌kigenをwo損ねないsokonenaiようにyouni気をつけているkiwotsuketeiru。 He is chary of offending people.

JLPTN3
願う☆【ねがうnegau】 Inflection

godan ~う verb / transitive:

  • to desire; to wish; to hope
  • to beg; to request; to implore; to pray

auxiliary verb:

  • to have something done for oneself

私達watashitachiはha平和heiwaをwo願うnegau。 We long for peace.

ジェニーJENIIはha両親ryoushinがga安全anzenをwo願うnegau気持ちkimochiをwo無視mushiするsuruわけにはいかなかったwakenihaikanakatta。 Jenny could not ignore her parents' desire for her safety.

JLPTN3
責める☆【せめるsemeru】 Inflection

ichidan verb / transitive:

  • to condemn; to blame; to criticize; to criticise; to reproach; to accuse
  • to urge; to press; to pester
  • to torture; to torment; to persecute
  • to break in (a horse)

彼女kanojoはha彼kareをwo責めるsemeruどころかdokoroka、彼kareにni褒美houbiをwoあげたageta。 Far from blaming him, she gave him a reward.

彼kareをwoそのsono過失kashitsuでde責めるsemeruなna。 Don't blame him for the error.

JLPTN3
どうしてもdoushitemo☆《如何しても》

expression / adverb:

  • by all means; at any cost; no matter what; at any rate; surely
  • whether (one is) willing or not; willingly or unwillingly; willy-nilly
  • on no account; by no means - with. neg. verb
  • in the end; in the long run; after all; eventually

彼女kanojoはhaどうしてもdoushitemo自分jibunのno思い通りomoidooriにniしようとするshiyoutosuru。 She will have her own way.

残念zannenですがdesuga、あなたanataのno名前namaeをwoどうしてもdoushitemo覚えられないoboerarenai。 I'm sorry to say I don't remember your name.

そのsono計画keikakuをwo成功seikouさせるsaseruためにtameniはha君のkimino援助enjoがgaどうしてもdoushitemo必要hitsuyouだda。 Your help is indispensable for the success of the scheme.

JLPTN3
切れ☆【きれkire】

noun:

  • piece; slice; strip; scrap
  • cloth - also written as 布, 裂
  • sharpness

counter:

  • counter for scraps, pieces, etc.

切れkireはhaずたずたにzutazutani切り裂かれたkirisakareta。 The cloth was torn to shreds.

昔のmukashinoようなyouna身体shintaiのno切れkireをwo取り戻しtorimodoshiたいtai。 I wish I could get back the tone and nimbleness I once had.

肉nikuはha何切れkireにniしshiましょうかmashouka。 How many slices of meat would you like?

JLPTN3
さっぱりsappari☆ Inflection

adverb / ~と adverb / ~する noun:

  • feeling refreshed; feeling relieved - onomatopoeia
  • neat; tidy; clean

adverb / ~と adverb / ~する noun / adjectival noun:

  • frank; open-hearted; plain; simple; light

adverb / ~と adverb:

  • completely; entirely

adverb:

  • not in the least (with neg. verb); not at all

adjectival noun:

  • nothing at all; completely useless; hopeless; awful
JLPTN3
品☆【ひんhin】

noun:

  • elegance; grace; refinement; class; dignity

suffix:

  • article; item

suffix / counter:

  • counter for items (of food, etc.); counter for dishes or courses (at a restaurant) - sometimes pronounced ぴん

彼女kanojoはha衣料iryou品hinをwo買うkauときtokiはha注意深くchuuibukaku選択sentakuするsuru。 She makes careful choices when she buys clothes.

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© Based on JMdict, KANJIDIC2, and JMnedict, property of the Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, used in conformance with the Group's licence. Example sentences from the Tatoeba project (CC BY 2.0). Kanji stroke order data from the KanjiVG project by Ulrich Apel (CC BY-SA 3.0). See comprehensive list of data sources for more info.

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