noun:

• cool summer; cold summer; cooler-than-normal summer

noun:

• aizuchi; back-channeling; interjections indicating that one is paying attention
• two smiths hammering at an object in turn ➜ 向こう鎚

conjunction:

• because; for; the reason why is ...

expression:

• helpless; futile; situation about which nothing can be done

expression:

• it does not mean that ...; I don't mean that ...; it is not the case that... ➜ 訳【わけ】

expression:

• it does not mean that ...; I don't mean that ...; it is not the case that ➜ 訳ではない

particle:

• yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it? - used at sentence-end; indicates a question (sometimes rhetorical)
• or; whether or not - after each alternative
• some- (e.g. something, someone) - after an interrogative ➜ 何か
• hmm; huh - indicates doubt, uncertainty, etc.; sometimes after other particles ➜ とか

prefix:

• very - emphatic prefix; usu. before an adjective ➜ か弱い

suffix:

• -al; -ial; -ic; -ical; -ish; -y - suffix forming adjectives or adverbs; after an indeclinable word ➜ 定か

adverb:

• in that way - archaism

particle:

• yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it? - used at sentence-end; indicates a question (sometimes rhetorical) - familiar language

noun:

• daruma; tumbling doll; round, red-painted good-luck doll in the shape of Bodhidharma, with a blank eye to be completed when a person's wish is granted
• Bodhidharma
• prostitute

adverbial noun / noun:

• in these times; in times like these; the season being what it is

noun:

• perpetual change caused by karma; vicissitudes of life; that which is made - Buddhism term

expression:

• all people aren't evil; don't distrust everyone; there is kindness to be found everywhere - proverb

adverb:

• strange to say; strangely enough; it is a wonder that

noun:

• another's affair; matter of no concern; nothing to do with one

expression / noun:

• things to do; must-do items; one's duty; what is required

noun:

• everyday occurrence; commonplace of life; nothing out of the ordinary - four character idiom

expression:

• don't despair because you're the last to take your pick; you can find treasures in leftovers; one man's trash is another's treasure - proverb

noun:

• gifted young person who shows much promise; unrecognized genius; great person whose talent is hidden under a bushel - four character idiom

expression:

• if you can't beat them; join them; you can't fight city hall; if your adversaries are stronger than you, it is better to join their side than to fight them - proverb

expression:

• like father, like son; the apple doesn't fall far from the tree; the child of a frog is a frog [literal] - proverb

expression:

• time flies like an arrow; time and tide wait for no man; life is short - proverb

expression / adverb / ~の noun:

• win or lose; sink or swim; make or break; all or nothing

~の noun / ~たる adjective / ~と adverb:

• deserted and lonesome; quiet and alone; innocent and nonattached; All is void - archaism - four character idiom

expression:

• No Entry!; no thoroughfare; passage prohibited; entry is prohibited

expression:

• at any rate; in any case; at the very least; if nothing else