ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to lose; to be defeated
• to succumb; to give in; to surrender; to yield ［負ける］
• to be inferior to ［負ける］
• to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.) ［負ける］ ➜ 気触れる【かぶれる】

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to reduce the price; to give a discount; to throw in (something extra) for free ［負ける］

noun:

• 2:00 to 2:30 AM; 3:00 to 3:30 AM
• dead of night; middle of the night; midnight

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to come down; to go down; to fall; to drop; to sink; to get lower Antonym: 上がる
• to hang; to dangle
• to move back; to step back; to withdraw; to retire
• to deteriorate; to fall off; to be downgraded
• to get closer to the present day
• to go south - in Kyoto

expression / godan ~う verb:

• to follow; to pursue; to chase; to run after
• to die right after a loved one; to kill oneself after the death of a loved one
• to follow an example set by earlier generations (or one's master, etc.)

godan ~む verb / intransitive verb:

• to draw back; to sink; to cave in
• to be set back (e.g. from a road)
• to withdraw (e.g. from the public eye); to retire to (somewhere); to stay indoors; to butt out; to stay out of it

noun:

• thing; matter
• incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis
• circumstances; situation; state of affairs
• work; business; affair
• after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to

suffix noun:

• nominalizing suffix ➜ 事【ごと】
• pretending to ...; playing make-believe ... ➜ 事【ごと】

noun / suffix noun:

• alias; aka; nickname; alternative name; also known as - esp. as ＡことＢ or ＡとはＢのことだ (Ａ alias, Ｂ formal)

expression:

• if you do a favor for somebody, you will get a return favor; if a fish is friendly toward water, water will be kind to the fish too [literal]; you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours - proverb ➜ 魚心あれば水心

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to suddenly understand (esp. on basis of experience or memory); to come to mind; to recall (in a flash); to be reminded of; to call to mind; to think of; to strike on; to hit on an answer; to seize the crux of a problem

noun:

• traditional Koshogatsu ceremony where one person beats a fruit tree (usu. persimmon tree) with a pole while threatening to cut it down if it does not provide a plentiful harvest, with another person responding "I will, I will" for the tree ➜ 小正月・祝い棒

noun / ~する noun:

• (the privilege to have) an audience (with one's lord, a dignitary, etc.); interview (with one's superior)
• one's debut (first) appearance; debut (of a new product, work of art, actor, etc.)
• trial service (of a servant)

noun:

• hard lump under the skin (e.g. adipous tumor, lymph node tumor, etc.)

adverb / ~と adverb / ~する noun:

• grinding against; pressing or rubbing with turning movements (e.g. someone's shoulders with one's elbow) - onomatopoeia
• rolling one's eyes; goggling one's eyes; googly eyes
• rattling sound

adjectival noun / noun:

• upper part

noun:

• upper stream; upper course of a river ［かみて］
• right side of the stage (audience's or camera's POV); stage left (actor's POV) ［かみて］

adjectival noun / noun:

• skillful (only in comparisons); dexterity (only in comparisons) ［うわて］

noun:

• over-arm grip on opponent's belt ［うわて］ - Sumo term

noun:

• to enrol in a temple school; child enrolled in a temple school ➜ 寺子屋
• incarcerating a criminal in a temple as a form of punishment (popular during the latter Muromachi and Azuchi-Momoyama periods)
• to go to a temple and repent (following a disaster, etc.)

expression / ichidan ~くれる verb (spec.):

• to take out (e.g. garbage); to put out (e.g. dishes on table); to serve (e.g. meal); to get out (e.g. food from cupboard); to submit (e.g. ideas, opinions); to provide for; to pay for; to foot the bill

noun:

• high-ranking noh actor ➜ 能太夫
• head of a school of noh performance
• high ranking courtesan (esp. in Yoshiwara) (Edo-period)
• jōruri narrator; manzai narrator ➜ 浄瑠璃・万歳【まんざい】
• female role actor in kabuki ➜ 女形
• low ranking priest in a Shinto shrine ➜ 御師
• lord steward (formerly the fifth court rank) ［太夫］

godan ~ぐ verb / transitive:

• to succeed (a person, to a position, etc.); to inherit; to take over; to follow
• to patch (clothes); to mend; to repair ［継ぐ］
• to add (e.g. charcoal to the fire); to replenish with; to feed with; to follow up with (e.g. remarks); to gather (one's breath) ［継ぐ］

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task
• to be ready; to be completed
• to be made; to be built
• to be good at; to be permitted (to do)
• to become intimate; to take up (with somebody)
• to grow; to be raised
• to become pregnant

godan ~む verb / transitive:

• to drive into (e.g. a nail into a board); to hit into (e.g. a home run into the stands)
• to throw into (e.g. jail)
• to drum into (someone) (an idea, skill, etc.); to hammer into; to drill into

noun:

• waiting for one tile to finish one's pair and one's hand while the rest of one's hand is exposed; waiting for half of one's pair with four melds exposed - Mahjong term ➜ 単騎待ち【たんきまち】

godan ~く verb / transitive:

• to embrace; to hold in the arms (e.g. a baby); to hug
• to harbour (e.g. grudge); to harbor; to bear; to have (e.g. ambition); to entertain (e.g. hope, suspicion) ［いだく］

godan ~く verb:

• to have sex with; to make love to; to sleep with ［だく］
• to sit on eggs ［だく］

noun:

• surface Antonym: 裏
• face (i.e. the visible side of an object)
• front (of a building, etc.); obverse side (i.e. "head") of a coin
• outside; exterior
• appearance
• public
• first half (of an inning); top (of an inning) - Baseball term Antonym: 裏【うら】
• cover (for tatami mats, etc.)
• foreground - IT term

godan ~く verb / transitive:

• to handle well; to handle deftly
• to deal with; to manage; to settle; to sort; to process
• to prepare (meat or fish) for cooking; to dress (meat, etc.); to cut and trim (fish)
• to sell out (completely); to dispose of (all stock)
• to untangle; to disentangle; to part; to arrange (e.g. the hem of a kimono)

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to disappear into; to be lost in; to slip into; to get mixed in among
• to do something under the cover of (confusion, etc.)
• to be almost indistinguishable; to be confusingly similar
• to be diverted from (negative emotions, etc.); to forget about
• to be distracted by; to be too absorbed in

godan ~う verb:

• to come true (of a wish, prayer, etc.); to be realized; to be fulfilled - esp. 叶う
• to suit (e.g. a purpose); to meet (wishes, ideals, etc.); to conform to (standards, rules, etc.); to be consistent with - esp. 適う ➜ 道理に適う
• to match (implies competition); to rival; to bear (e.g. the heat) - esp. 敵う, usu. with neg. verb

expression / ichidan verb:

• to go to one's heart; to cut one to the quick; to give one a deep impression; to clutch at one's heartstrings; to hit home; to strike home; to strike a chord; to strike a note