expression / godan ~る verb:

• to be indicated as the winner of a bout by the raising of the referee's fan - Sumo term
• to be declared the winner - idiom

noun / ~する noun:

• being in dire distress; being hard put to it - four character idiom
• the four and eight kinds of suffering - Buddhism term ➜ 四苦・八苦

noun:

• begging Zen priest of the Fuke sect (wearing a sedge hood and playing a shakuhachi flute)

noun / ~の noun:

• once in a lifetime; the first and last occurrence (event, experience) of one's lifetime - four character idiom

noun:

• cramschool (for boys and girls who wish to go on to the next stage of education)

noun / ~の noun:

• initiative taken by bureaucrats in the drafting of government policies and bills (rather than by politicians) - four character idiom

noun:

• spring flowers and the autumn moon; beauty of nature as it changes from season to season - four character idiom

noun:

• Blue Sky with a White Sun; party flag and emblem of the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party)

~する verb (spec.) / intransitive verb:

• to gather in large numbers (of people); to hang out (as a large group)
• to assemble (as a military unit or posse); to be quartered (in a particular location)

expression:

• great human beings never lose the innocence of childhood; a virtuous ruler never loses the spirit of the common people - from Mencius - proverb

noun:

• two departments (under the ritsuryo system: the Dept. of State & the Dept. of Worship) ➜ 律令制

noun:

• the emperor's person
• the body of Christ; the Host; the Eucharist; Holy Communion

noun:

• Japanese name (often of plants and animals, and written in kana)

noun / ~する noun:

• jealousy and enmity; being jealous of and at odds with (each other) - four character idiom

noun / ~する noun:

• jealousy and enmity; being jealous of and at odds with (each other) - four character idiom

noun:

• free markets and open guilds (policy enacted by daimyo in the Azuchimomoyama Period (1573-1598) that weakened the strict regulations surrounding business establishment in market places and important cities, allowing new businesses to open in Joka-machi market places)

noun:

• principal object of worship at a temple (usu. a buddha or bodhisattva); principal image; idol
• the man himself; the person at the heart of the matter - humorous term

noun:

• comparing autumn leaves to a garment
• layered garments that mimic the colours of autumn leaves (worn from the 9th to the 11th month of the lunar calendar)

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to remain in the morning sky (i.e. the moon and stars) ➜ 暮れ残る

noun:

• period in the sixth and seventh centuries prior to the Taika reform ➜ 大化の改新

noun:

• robe with a round collar, stitched sides and a ran, worn by the emperor and high-ranking officials ➜ 襴

noun:

• burning incense without making its source obvious; pleasant smell coming from an unknown location

noun:

• proportional representation system in which both party and individual votes are cast, seats are distributed amongst parties by proportion of vote obtained, and candidates are elected in descending order of number of votes obtained ➜ 拘束名簿式比例代表制

expression / adjectival noun:

• woman's word for the sound of feet thumping across a noh theatre; space of noh theatre based on the reach of the sound of feet thumping - female language

noun:

• Buddhist service in which the eight scrolls of the Lotus Sutra are read one scroll at a time (one morning and one evening reading each day for four days with a different reciter each time)