noun:

• tax-free small-sum savings system (often used by the elderly and the disabled); non-tax plan for small savings

noun:

• household of which half of the taxes were given to a designated person (ritsuryo system); vassal household allotted to a courtier ➜ 食封

prefix:

• anti-

noun:

• antithesis ➜ 反定立
• fanqie; traditional Chinese spelling system in which two characters are used: the first one for the onset, the second one for rhyme and tone - abbreviation ➜ 反切

noun:

• China ［ちゅうごく］ ➜ 中華人民共和国
• Chūgoku region of western Honshu (incl. Okayama, Hiroshima, Shimane, Tottori and Yamaguchi prefectures) ［ちゅうごく］ - abbreviation ➜ 中国地方
• central part of a country; main region ［ちゅうごく］
• province of the second lowest rank (ritsuryo system)

noun:

• system of guilt by association (especially that of Japanese election law, which stipulates that an elected official may lose his position if someone in his campaign commits a crime)

noun:

• rice tax (ritsuryo system); rice levy; tax on rice fields ➜ 田租
• annual tribute; annual tax

noun / ~する noun:

• wind blowing down, coming over a mountain

noun:

• immediately after one's draw - Mahjong term
• winning off a discarded tile from the player to one's right or across the table on the turn after letting one's winning tile go by from the player to one's left - Mahjong term

noun:

• speech; tongue; talk; eloquence ［弁・辯］

suffix noun:

• dialect; brogue; accent ［弁・辯］

noun:

• bento; Japanese box lunch ［弁・辨］ - abbreviation ➜ 弁当【べんとう】
• petal ［弁・瓣］ ➜ 花弁【はなびら】

noun / ~の noun:

• valve ［弁・瓣］

noun:

• Oversight Department; division of the daijokan under the ritsuryo system responsible for controlling central and provincial governmental offices ［弁・辨］ ➜ 太政官・弁官

noun / ~の noun:

• Milky Way galaxy; Milky Way; the Galaxy - Astronomy term
• galactic system; galaxy - Astronomy term

counter:

• counter for the ichi-ni-san counting system (usu. directly preceding the item being counted); noun read using its on-yomi - read as "ka" ➜ 箇【か】
• counter for articles - read as "ko" ➜ 個【こ】

particle:

• indicates possessive (esp. in place names) - read as "ga" ➜ が

noun:

• university; college ➜ 総合大学
• former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators) - abbreviation ➜ 大学寮・国学【こくがく】
• the Great Learning (one of the Four Books) ➜ 四書

noun / ~する noun:

• participation in government
• state councillor (in the ritsuryo system); state councilor ➜ 太政官
• vice-minister (early Meiji period)
• Cabinet Councillor (1937-1943); Cabinet Councilor

noun:

• Imperial Prosecuting and Investigating Office (1869-1871 CE) ［だんじょうだい］
• Imperial Prosecuting and Investigating Office (under the ritsuryo system) ➜ 律令制

noun / ~する noun:

• calendar reform; adoption of new calendar system

noun:

• new calendar (for a new year); new year

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to come down - esp. 下りる
• to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to disembark; to dismount - esp. 降りる
• to step down; to retire; to give up; to quit
• to be granted; to be issued; to be given - esp. 下りる
• to form (of frost, dew, mist, etc.) - esp. 降りる
• to be passed (from the body; e.g. of a roundworm) - esp. 下りる ➜ 下り物

noun:

• six-three system of education (six years of elementary school, followed by three years of junior high school)

noun:

• country with a constitutional government; constitutional state; country where the rule of law prevails; system based on the rule of law

noun:

• Japanese league; ri; old Japanese unit of distance, approx. 3.927km or 2.44 miles
• neighbourhood (under the ritsuryo system; orig. of 50 homes) ➜ 郷里制・国郡里制
• unit of area (approx. 654m by 654m) ➜ 条里制

noun:

• young man of conscription age who has not yet undergone military training - archaism
• man with no title and no rank (under the ritsuryo system); commoner - archaism
• servant dressed in a white uniform who carries objects for his master ［はくちょう］ - archaism ➜ 白張

noun:

• East Asian age reckoning; traditional system of age reckoning whereby newborns are considered one year old and on New Year's Day one year is added to everyone's age

noun:

• East Asian age reckoning; traditional system of age reckoning whereby newborns are considered one year old and on New Year's Day one year is added to everyone's age - abbreviation ➜ 数え年【かぞえどし】

noun:

• the system in government offices and business corporations in which draft proposals are prepared by someone in charge of the matter and circulated for collective deliberation and final approval by particular (designated) officials or executives - four character idiom

noun:

• first runner (in a relay race)
• top-class runner
• vanguard (of a person); front line; cutting edge - idiom
• top runner (system of benchmarking against best-in-class performance)

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to stretch around (e.g. a fence, dragnet, etc.); to lay out (e.g. a wiring system, network, etc.); to string up (e.g. an antenna, ship's rigging, etc.)

noun:

• system
• lineage; ancestry; family line
• group (e.g. of colors) (colours); family (e.g. of languages); party; school (of thought)
• close (evolutionary) relationship
• a population sharing a common ancestor (in genetics); strain (e.g. bacterial)