godan ~る verb (irregular) / expression:

• to have a pulse; to be alive
• to have a chance; to be not altogether hopeless

adverb / ~と adverb / ~する noun:

• crisp (not moist or juicy); crunchy; flaky (as in pastry) - onomatopoeia
• crunching sound (of walking on snow, frost, sand, etc.) - onomatopoeia
• doing skillfully and efficiently; doing quickly; proceeding smoothly - onomatopoeia
• sound of pouring liquid - onomatopoeia - archaism
• speaking clearly - onomatopoeia - archaism

adverb:

• or; otherwise
• furthermore; also
• perhaps; by some chance; possibly - archaism
• that being said; be that as it may - archaism
• however; but - archaism
• not to mention; needless to say - archaism
• as expected; sure enough - archaism
• really; at all - used to express emphatic denial, suspicion, or emotion - archaism

expression / ichidan verb:

• to be out of focus ➜ ずれる
• to be off the point (e.g. of a plan); to have not got the point

expression:

• each ministry thinks only of its own good, but not of the good of the country; when there are ministries, there is no country [literal] - proverb

noun:

• day of disgrace (in Okinawa; April 28, after the day in 1952 in which the US occupation of mainland Japan, but not Okinawa, ended)

expression:

• smooth words make smooth ways; it's not what you say, it's how you say it - proverb

noun:

• having an open hand and no end or honor tiles (yaku, not allowed in some rules); having only suited tiles between 2 and 8 inclusive and having called tiles - Mahjong term ➜ 断ヤオ九

noun:

• alley; alleyway; lane ［路地・露路］
• bare earth (i.e. ground not covered by a roof); open field; outdoors (non-greenhouse cultivation of crops) ［露地］
• teahouse garden ［路地・露地］
• path through a gate (or through a garden, etc.)

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to be still half asleep; to be half awake; to be not yet quite awake

noun:

• young men who are not competitive as in the traditional male stereotype, including in the avid pursuit of money and sex, and who may also be kind, co-operative and family-oriented ➜ 草食男子【そうしょくだんし】

expression:

• very fond of; more fond of than eating; so fond of that someone would rather not eat than go without; more important than three meals a day ➜ 三度の飯より好き【さんどのめしよりすき】

noun:

• being done for; giving up; being in a hopeless situation; not knowing what to do; being brought to one's knees; throwing up (one's) hands [literal]

expression:

• all pain, no gain; doing no good and a lot of harm; having no redeeming features; being a complete disadvantage; a hundred harms and not a single gain [literal] - idiom

noun / ~する noun:

• looking up while hitting the ball; keeping one's chin up and not looking at the ball while hitting it - Sports term - From English "head up"

expression:

• used to create a rhetorical question indicating that the speaker actually believes the opposite is true; emphasizes a determination not to do something by means of a rhetorical question - female language ➜ ものか

expression:

• very fond of; more fond of than eating; so fond of that someone would rather not eat than go without; more important than three meals a day [literal]

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to be moderate in; to be temperate in; to not do too much of
• to refrain (from doing); to withhold (an announcement, comment, etc.)

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to be beside; to be close by

noun:

• not exceeding; and downward; ... and below
• below (e.g. standard); under (e.g. a level)
• the below-mentioned; the following; the rest

noun:

• being frustrated because something is not quite as hoped (just as one cannot scratch an itch from outside a shoe); having an itch that one cannot scratch - four character idiom

expression:

• one should not leave things unfinished; when a young Mencius returned home during the middle of school, his mother cut off the cloth she had been weaving on the loom to admonish him for stopping his studies midway - proverb ➜ 断機

expression:

• filial piety begins with not harming one's own body (as one's entire body was given by one's parents) (from The Classic of Filial Piety)

interjection:

• thank you; thanks - abbreviation ➜ どうも有難う

adverb:

• much (thanks); very (sorry); quite (regret)
• quite; really; mostly
• somehow
• in spite of oneself; try as one might; no matter how hard one may try (to, not to) ➜ どうしても

interjection:

• greetings; hello; goodbye

noun / ~する noun:

• incomplete combustion; imperfect combustion
• being off one's game; not doing one's best; being unable to use all of one's strength; failing to obtain the desired result - idiom

expression:

• it is simply common courtesy to clean up after yourself; a bird does not foul the nest it is about to leave; on leaving a place one should see that all is in good order - proverb ➜ 跡を濁す【あとをにごす】