expression / godan ~す verb:

• to strain one's eyes; to look closely; to stare at

~たる adjective / ~と adverb:

• of great renown; highly illustrious; at the zenith of one's fame - four character idiom

adverb / ~の noun:

• one by one; one each; one at a time ➜ ずつ

expression:

• You must seize every golden opportunity; Strike while the iron is hot; When you find a rare good buy, seize upon it for a future sale at a much higher price - four character idiom

adverbial noun / temporal noun:

• recently; nowadays; these days; now; at present

adverbial noun:

• just (now, at the moment, etc.); just as; in the act of; as soon as; at the moment that

noun / ~する noun:

• designation; specification; assignment; appointment; pointing at

expression:

• first; firstly; first of all; to begin with; in the beginning; at the beginning
• Introduction; Preface - as section heading of a book, etc. - usually written using kana alone

adverb:

• in an instant; in a moment; immediately; right away; at once
• suddenly; all of a sudden; all at once

godan ~う verb:

• to ridicule; to tease; to mock; to chaff; to razz; to banter with; to make fun of; to poke fun at; to make cracks about

adverb:

• thoughtlessly; recklessly; rashly; indiscriminately; indiscreetly; at random
• excessively; unreasonably; immoderately; absurdly

conjunction:

• cum (e.g. bedroom-cum-study); holding both roles (e.g. Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs); and; in addition; concurrently; at the same time

adverb:

• in one go; in one gulp; in one breath; without stopping; without pausing; without resting; in one sitting; at a stretch; all at once
• immediately; instantly; right away; straight away; straightaway

adverb / ~と adverb / ~する noun:

• tediously; repetitively; insistently; ad nauseam; at great length - onomatopoeia

expression:

• now rejoicing, now worrying; swinging from joy to sorrow; glad and sad by turns; alternating hope and fear; unable to put one's mind at ease - four character idiom

godan ~む verb / transitive:

• to worry about; to be worried about; to fret about; to not know what to do; to be at a loss (as to what to do)

expression / adjective:

• charmless; lacking charm; not adorable; unendearing; not very nice at all

adverb / ~と adverb:

• carefully; attentively; profoundly; deeply; at length ➜ つくづく

expression:

• when it's important; when it comes to the crunch; when push comes to shove; when it comes to the point; in one's hour of need; at the critical moment ➜ いざ

adjectival noun / noun:

• careless; thoughtless; rash; rude; at fault

expression:

• meanwhile; in the meantime; by the same token; likewise; equally; at the same time - usu. その一方で
• in contrast

godan ~う verb / intransitive verb:

• to be puzzled; to be perplexed; to have doubts; to feel lost; to be at sea

expression:

• as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate

expression:

• surely; clearly; without a doubt; in all probability; no matter how one slices it; no matter how one looks at it

godan ~る verb:

• to brandish; to flourish; to wave; to swing; to shake at