expression:

• things depend on how you use them; all things have their uses when they are used in the right way - proverb

noun:

• the Four Home Provinces (Yamato, Yamashiro, Settsu, and Kawachi); obsolete in 757 when Izumi was established as a separate province from Kawachi - archaism ➜ 五畿内

noun:

• the four great civilizations of the world (China, Babylon, India and Egypt as put forward by Chinese scholar Liang Qichao in 1900)

noun:

• dried small sardines, etc. used to make fish stock ➜ 煮干し
• person in bank transfer scam whose role it is to withdraw the cash - slang

noun:

• the four great civilizations of the world (China, Babylon, India and Egypt as put forward by Chinese scholar Liang Qichao in 1900)

noun:

• being kept standing (without doing anything); remaining on one's feet
• beggar; tramp
• prostitute; streetwalker
• tout (for a hostess bar)
• street drug pusher
• day laborer standing and waiting for a job.

godan ~む verb / intransitive verb:

• to be worm-eaten; to be eaten by worms
• to affect adversely; to spoil; to ruin; to undermine; to gnaw at (one's heart, body, etc.); to eat into; to destroy

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to be attentive to small details
• to be attentive to others (or others' concerns)
• to have one's mind turn groundlessly to something negative

expression / ichidan verb:

• to raise one's hand or hands - usu. 手を挙げる
• to surrender - usu. 手を上げる
• to raise a hand to someone (as a threat to strike) - usu. 手を上げる
• to improve - usu. 手を上げる ➜ 腕を上げる

noun / suffix noun:

• fiscal year (usu. April 1 to March 31 in Japan); financial year
• academic year; school year
• product year

godan ~く verb / intransitive verb:

• to stick (to); to cling (to)
• to stay (e.g. in the office)

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to pretend to be tough; to put on a brave front; to whistle in the dark; to bluff

expression / noun / adjectival noun:

• excited; pressing forward; go-go; (in) high spirits; (having) excessive energy

interjection:

• Go!; go-man-go!

adverb:

• connecting; separating

expression / ichidan verb:

• to make a pass at; to hit on; to call out to (in an attempt to seduce) - colloquialism - idiom

expression / ichidan verb:

• to frustrate (e.g. someone's plans); to give someone a surprise; to give someone a blow; to scare the hell out of

expression / ichidan verb:

• to have authority over; to exercise one's authority (over) ➜ 睨みが利く【にらみがきく】
• to glare; to scowl at; to glower at

expression / godan ~う verb:

• to spend (money) like water; to spend (money) like it grows on trees; to throw around (one's money); to play ducks and drakes with

noun / ~する noun:

• running alone; running solo
• having a large lead (over the others); being far ahead (of everyone else)
• having one's own way; ignoring others' opinions and acting as one wishes; arbitrary action

noun / ~する noun / ~の noun:

• honourable defeat; honorable defeat; honourable death; honorable death; death without surrender
• trying but being utterly beaten; being completely rejected when professing one's love ［玉砕］ - colloquialism

noun / ~する noun:

• moving (location, with the times, etc.); change; transition
• metastasis; spread - Medicine term
• transition (e.g phase transition) - Physics term ➜ 相転移
• transfer (of learning)
• transference (in psychoanalysis)

expression:

• from right to left; in one ear and out the other
• nice and quick; with speed and address; without further ado

noun:

• mess; sorry state; plight; sad sight - derogatory term

suffix:

• -ways; -wards - indicates direction
• in the act of ...; just as one is ... - after the -masu stem of a verb
• manner of ...; way of ... - after the -masu stem of a verb ➜ 様【さま】

noun:

• gait; manner of walking; footwork (e.g. in sport)
• characteristic way of moving, keeping the center of gravity low (centre) - Sumo term

noun:

• thousand-day walk through the mountains from Hieizan to the old Imperial Palace in Kyoto (ascetic practice of the Tendai sect) - Buddhism term

expression / godan ~ぶ verb:

• to cross one's mind; to spring to mind; to occur to one