godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to illuminate; to shine a light on; to light up

expression:

• until something reaches the very limit; until the very last minute; up to the breaking point

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to find fault with someone; to flame someone; to trip up somebody

noun:

• running-in; breaking in (e.g. engine, etc.); accustomizing; warming up

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to conceal; to keep secret; to cover up

godan ~す verb:

• to tinker with; to fumble with; to twist up

expression / noun:

• superior; boss; higher-up
• them (as opposed to "us")
• person above; upstairs neighbour (neighbor)

expression / ichidan verb:

• to pin one's hope on; to look forward to; to look toward; to get one's hopes up - often ...に期待を...

noun / ~する noun:

• surfeit; glut; being fed up
• food poisoning

expression:

• nowhere in sight; seems to be no prospect; up in the air - usu. as ～のめどが立たない, etc. ➜ めどが立つ【めどがたつ】

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to become serious; to take something seriously (joke, teasing); to become irritated or angry (usu. at something trivial); to get worked up

noun / ~する noun:

• retouch; retouching; touch-up
• tagging up ［リタッチ］ - Baseball term

~と adverb:

• feelings; memories; imagined items or dreams that sprout up one after the other - onomatopoeia ➜ にょきにょき

expression:

• nowhere in sight; seems to be no prospect; up in the air - usu. as ～のめどが立たず, etc. ➜ めどが立つ【めどがたつ】・めどが立たない

noun / ~する noun:

• annexation; merger; swallowing up

noun:

• LOHAS; Lifestyles Of Health And Sustainability; market segment made up of ecologically conscious consumers

ichidan verb:

• to dissuade; to change someone's mind; to make someone give up the idea of

expression / godan ~く verb:

• to go to bed; to be sick in bed; to be laid up

expression / godan ~す verb:

• to evade (questions); to reply evasively; to beat around the bush; to throw up a smoke screen

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to close; to be over; to break up (e.g. school)
• to lose one's nerve; to feel daunted ➜ 気が引ける【きがひける】

noun:

• slip of the tongue; misstatement; verbal slip-up

adjectival noun / ~の noun / adverb / ~と adverb / ~する noun:

• messy; confused; chaotic; disorderly; mixed-up; jumbled up - onomatopoeia

adverb:

• complaining about various things - onomatopoeia

noun:

• yamanba; manba; girl or young woman adhering to a fashion trend often characterized by extremely gaudy and colourful facial make up, heavily tanned skin and hair dyed in a bright hue - colloquialism ➜ 山姥・ガングロ

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to lean (something) against; to set against; to prop up against ➜ もたせ掛ける

noun / ~する noun:

• explosive increase; rising dramatically; shooting up - colloquialism