noun:

• striated surgeonfish (Ctenochaetus striatus, species of bristletooth tang native to the Indo- Pacific)

noun:

• twospot surgeonfish (Ctenochaetus binotatus, species of bristletooth tang native to the Indo-Pacific)

noun:

• gummy shark (Mustelus antarcticus, species endemic to southern Australia)

noun:

• luvar (Luvarus imperialis, species of perciform fish closely related to the surgeonfish)

noun:

• Japan's first coinage (dating to 683 CE, but perhaps never in circulation) ➜ 和同開珎

noun:

• U shaped scissors with no place to put one's fingers; shears ➜ 和鋏【わばさみ】

noun:

• public storehouse used to store grain or valuables collected for taxation (ritsuryo system)

noun:

• tightly-compacted snow (e.g. due to compression under its own weight)

noun:

• side dish served in order to encourage the consumption of alcohol (kaiseki cuisine) ➜ 懐石料理

noun:

• mechanism used to lift an actor onto the stage (in kabuki)

noun:

• inaw (ritual wood shaving stick used in Ainu prayers to the spiritual world.) - From Ainu

noun:

• reading a text from start to finish
• transliterating classical Chinese into Japanese ➜ よみくだす

expression:

• it is too late to show filial piety once your parents are dead - proverb

noun:

• alcohol or sake drunk during the meal (as opposed to aperitifs, digestifs, etc.)

noun / ~する noun:

• prostration; placing knees, hands and forehead on the ground to show utmost respect - Buddhism term

noun:

• office system where employees are free to change desk - From English "free address"

noun:

• rod used to ward off calamities (usu. made of holly olive) - archaism

noun:

• dry snacks (e.g. crackers, nuts, dried squid, esp. to go with drinks) - Food term

noun / ~する noun:

• airing of clothes, hanging scrolls, etc. (to prevent damage from insects and mould) ➜ 虫干し

noun:

• merchant guild entrusted by the shogunate to manage its respective trade (Edo period)

noun / adjectival noun:

• pretending to be kind; self-aggrandizement under pretense of aiding another (aggrandisement, pretence)

noun:

• National Military Establishment; forerunner to the U.S. Department of Defense (1947-1949)

noun / ~の noun:

• a woman's natural inclination to care for others; big-sisterly disposition

noun:

• solitary confinement in a dark cell without bedding (for up to one week)

noun:

• entry (esp. to vehicles); entrance
• equipage for restraining and mounting horses ［のりくち］ - archaism