noun / ~する noun:

• accepting a challenge; returning fire; fighting back; putting up a fight; responding to an attack

noun / ~する noun:

• criticism (by a teacher or coach, with commentary, especially at a poetry reading); review; critique

noun:

• Edo-period mouth harp (with a hairpin-like frame and a long straight tongue)

noun / ~する noun:

• go into a huddle (over); hold a secret conference (about); put heads together and conspire - four character idiom

expression / ichidan verb:

• to put a damper on proceedings (e.g. at a meeting or party, etc.)

noun:

• text message or symbol on a busy mobile phone indicating a call arrival (DoCoMo feature)

noun:

• sweetie (sweet green-skinned citrus; cross between a grapefruit and a pomelo); oroblanco

expression:

• owing a lot to somebody; being indebted; never forgetting someone who has done a favour

temporal noun / ~の noun / suffix noun:

• sunset; sundown; nightfall; dusk Antonym: 明け
• end; close
• year-end; end of the year

noun:

• tray
• family; household
• O-Bon; Bon Festival; Lantern Festival; Festival of the Dead - abbreviation ➜ 盂蘭盆

expression / ~くる verb (spec.):

• to be moved to the point of tears; to be touched ➜ じいんと

~する verb (spec.) / intransitive verb:

• to dress up as; to disguise oneself as; to play the role of

noun:

• old road; ancient road
• ancient methods; ancient moral teachings; the way of learning ［こどう］

noun:

• top brass; upper echelon; higher-ups; top management; upper reaches; top of the pile

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to make a mess; to perpetrate; to do; to finish up; to be guilty of

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to break the rules; to violate the rules; to infringe the rules

noun / ~する noun:

• going to the Philippines; moving to the Philippines; migration to the Philippines

noun:

• feelings; emotion; sentiment
• compassion; sympathy
• passion; affection; love
• the way things really are; the actual situation

interjection:

• not yet!; cry by the referee when one wrestler is on the attack - Sumo term

noun or verb acting prenominally:

• remaining; left-over

expression:

• even the hunter will refrain from killing the bird that has flown to him for shelter - proverb

expression:

• even the hunter will refrain from killing the bird that has flown to him for shelter - proverb

noun:

• family clan based on the paternal line, sharing the same tomb and performing rituals together (Okinawa)

noun:

• ground stone tool from the late Jomon period (named after its similarity to the Buddhist tokko) ➜ 独鈷

noun:

• government property
• taxes and other fees paid by the provinces to the governement (ritsuryo system) ［かんもつ］

adverbial noun / temporal noun:

• last night; the previous night
• night before (Christmas, etc.); eve (of festival, major event, etc.)