noun / ~する noun:

• hardening; vulcanization; vulcanisation; sclerosis; curing Antonym: 軟化
• hardening (of attitude, stance, etc.); stiffening; toughening Antonym: 軟化
• upturn (in the market); firming up Antonym: 軟化

noun / ~する noun:

• reading while standing (in a bookstore, etc.); browsing (i.e. reading an item but not buying it)

expression:

• in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as)
• hoping or wishing for something

noun / ~する noun:

• racing (of an engine); spinning one's wheels; running idle
• fruitless effort; going nowhere; going round in circles

noun:

• sliced ginger prepared in vinegar (served with sushi); pickled ginger
• mimeograph - abbreviation ➜ がり版
• reprimand; rebuke; censure; reproof - usu. as がりを食う
• overly skinny person - slang - derogatory term ➜ がりがり

adverb / ~と adverb:

• completely (quitting, etc.); entirely; thoroughly; totally; wholly; without hesitation - onomatopoeia
• cleanly (cutting, snapping off, etc.); in a single blow - onomatopoeia

noun:

• sushi rice in a box or bowl with a variety of ingredients sprinkled on top - Food term ➜ ばら寿司【ばらずし】・五目鮨【ごもくずし】

noun:

• suckling child; babe in arms; child at the breast; baby; infant

noun / ~する noun:

• heating a vessel without water in it; heating an empty pan, kettle, boiler, bathtub, etc.

expression:

• pretending not to see something; turning a blind eye to; burying one's head in the sand

noun:

• historical system whereby the Hida region provided 10 carpenters per village the central government in place of taxes

noun / ~する noun:

• cut into long thin shavings (primarily vegetables), in the manner a pencil is sharpened with a knife

noun / ~する noun:

• breathing in (of a foreign body, food, etc.); pulmonary aspiration; mis-swallowing; swallowing down the wrong pipe - Medicine term

expression:

• slow but steady wins the race; constant effort will result in success; constant dripping wears away a stone [literal] - proverb

noun:

• automatically responding with an upload slot to someone who allows you to download (e.g. in P2P systems) - abbreviation - IT term ➜ カウンター・モニ

noun:

• ritual performance (usually around New Year) to pray for a successful rice harvest in the coming year - Shintō term

noun:

• Lamna (genus of mackerel sharks or white sharks with two living species in the family Lamnidae)

noun:

• Cephaloscyllium (genus of catshark known as swellsharks in the family Scyliorhinidae capable of inflating their body)

noun:

• Pseudotriakis (genus of ground shark in the family Pseudotriakidae whose sole member is the false catshark)

noun:

• Mustelus (genus of smooth-hound sharks in the family Triakidae); from the Latin mustela meaning weasel

noun:

• Luvarus (sole genus of perciform fish in the family Luvaridae whose only member is the luvar)

noun:

• greater palace; area centered on the inner palace, home to various administrative bodies (in Heian period Kyoto) ➜ 内裏

noun:

• shingling using thick roof shingles; roof shingled in such a manner (usu. shrine buildings, noh stages, etc.) ➜ 栩板

noun:

• bodyguards in service of the shogun who would walk ahead of him on an outing (Edo period)

noun:

• fruits left on a tree during winter (supposedly causing more fruits to appear in the next season) - archaism