noun:

• slender smooth-hound (Gollum attenuatus, species of finback catshark from the Southwest Pacific)

noun:

• Ctenochaetus flavicauda (species from the Central Pacific, smallest bristletooth tang of its genus)

noun:

• orange-socket surgeonfish (Acanthurus auranticavus, species of the Indo-West Pacific)

noun:

• luvar (Luvarus imperialis, species of perciform fish closely related to the surgeonfish)

noun:

• travelling inspector of the provincial governments (Nara- and Heian-period position)

adverb:

• gradually; by degrees - obscure term ➜ 段々・漸次
• the sight of a tall soaring rock - obscure term
• crying; weeping - obscure term

noun:

• thin leather with gold patterns (introduced from Europe during the Edo period)

noun:

• confections adopted from Portugal, Spain, etc. during the Muromachi period and since Japanized ➜ カステラ・ボーロ・コンペイトー

noun:

• pent roof built atop the stairs of a shrine or temple

noun:

• monkey (esp. a gibbon)
• hand of the puppeteer (puppet theatre) ➜ 人形浄瑠璃
• menstrual period - slang
• kappa ➜ 河童

noun:

• outermost enclosure of a castle or fortress (including the town around it)

noun:

• container of fresh water for replenishing the kettle and rinsing bowls (tea ceremony)

noun:

• alcohol or sake drunk during the meal (as opposed to aperitifs, digestifs, etc.)

noun:

• Osteichthyes; class comprising the bony fishes (and sometimes their descendants, i.e. tetrapods)

noun / ~する noun:

• prostration; placing knees, hands and forehead on the ground to show utmost respect - Buddhism term

noun:

• monkey (esp. the Japanese macaque, Macaca fuscata); ape; non-human primate

noun:

• merchant guild entrusted by the shogunate to manage its respective trade (Edo period)

noun:

• National Military Establishment; forerunner to the U.S. Department of Defense (1947-1949)

noun:

• isocheim; isochime; isochryme; map contour connecting points with the same mean winter temperature

noun:

• diviner (esp. of the Yin and Yang system); sorcerer; exorcist; medium ➜ 陰陽道【おんみょうどう】

expression:

• hopelessly inaccurate; not even remotely close; can't hit the side of a barn - colloquialism

noun:

• festival celebrating the (temporary) transfer of a shintai away from its main shrine - Shintō term ➜ 神体

noun:

• Islamic State (of Iraq and the Levant); IS; ISIL

noun:

• biopower; Foucault's term for the regulation by modern states of their subjects

expression / noun:

• the last remaining piece (which people are reluctant to take for themselves) - Ōsaka dialect