noun:

• looking on from the side; looking on by an outsider

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to keep an eye on; to keep a watchful eye on

godan ~む verb / transitive:

• to mince; to cut fine; to chop up; to hash; to shred
• to carve; to engrave; to chisel; to notch
• to tick away (time); to beat out (e.g. rhythm); to record the passing moments
• to etch (into one's mind); to remember distinctly - as 心に刻む, etc. ➜ 心に刻む
• to have tattooed - archaism
• to torment - archaism

expression / ~の noun:

• (living) from hand to mouth; living on the fringe of subsistance

noun:

• chair seat; chair seating (as opposed to sitting on the floor)

expression:

• quick to take a hint; very responsive; quick on the uptake - abbreviation ➜ ツーと言えばカー【ツーといえばカー】

noun:

• physician in private practice
• town doctor; doctor who served the townspeople (as opposed to the emperor, a daimyo, etc.) - archaism

expression / godan ~う verb:

• to hold a memorial service for the dead, praying for their happiness in the next life by chanting sutras - Buddhism term

noun:

• carrying over a bill from one Diet session to the next, being deliberated by a committee in the interim

godan ~む verb / intransitive verb:

• to board; to embark on; to get into (a car); to man (a ship); to help (someone) into
• to march into; to enter

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to get back; to regain; to recover; to make up (for); to catch up on

expression / ichidan verb:

• to polish up (on); to refine; to hone; to round out
• to polish (by rubbing)

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to put something out of the way; to move (something, someone) aside
• to remove; to exclude; to take away ［除ける］
• to set aside; to keep apart ［のける］
• to remove (someone) from the group; to shun ［のける］

ichidan verb / auxiliary verb:

• to do well despite difficulties; to accomplish despite adversity ［のける］ - after the -te form of a verb - usually written using kana alone
• to do resolutely; to do boldly ［のける］ - after the -te form of a verb - usually written using kana alone

expression / ichidan verb:

• to run aground; to strike a rock; to be stranded on a reef
• to reach a deadlock; to come to a standstill; to run into difficulties; to hit a snag

noun:

• (on) the way; (on) one's way; (en) route - usu. adverbially as 行きしなに ➜ 行きがけ

noun:

• win of a low-ranked wrestler in the extra eighth bout in the tournament - Sumo term

noun:

• loss of a low-ranked wrestler in the extra eighth bout in the tournament - Sumo term

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to irritate; to grate on one's nerves; to aggravate; to be galling; to be invidious

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to have a break in the conversation; to experience an awkward silence; an angel passes [literal] - from the French 'un ange pass' - idiom

expression / godan ~く verb:

• to give thought to; to bear in mind; to keep in mind

expression:

• victory depends on the luck of the day (i.e. it isn't always the strongest who wins)

noun:

• capital letter
• first character of a dictionary entry
• matrix (printing)
• kanji corresponding to furigana

expression:

• to the core; to the bone; to the marrow [literal]

expression / adjective:

• completely helpless; unable even to drive away the flies on one's own head - idiom

expression / noun:

• person who has lost something they used to rely on; a monkey fallen from the tree [literal] - idiom