noun:

• expert; learned person
• doctor; PhD; Dr. - colloquialism ➜ 博士【はくし】
• instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period)
• pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.) ➜ 墨譜

noun:

• townspeople; townsfolk; commoner; civilian; merchant; tradesman; tradeswoman; tradespeople; artisan; members of the lowest Edo-period social class (comprising commoners not involved in farming)

noun:

• agency for employing servants and arranging marriages (Edo period); mediator; go-between ➜ 口入れ屋
• flattery; flatterer
• Keian era (1648.2.15-1652.9.18) ［慶安］

noun:

• one group comprising the lowest rank of Japan's Edo-period caste system (people whose work usually involved handling human bodies or animal carcasses) - vulgar ➜ 被差別部落民

noun:

• highway (esp. one existing from the Edo period); main road
• highway (e.g. to success); path (to becoming ...) ➜ 出世街道【しゅっせかいどう】

noun:

• Muromachi-period texts or annotations of texts used in Zen lectures
• extracting from or excerpting (a classic)

noun:

• Sixteen Kingdoms (collection of sovereign states in and around China from 304 to 439 CE); Sixteen Kingdoms period

noun:

• court of law in the Edo period, in which the parties sat on white sand - archaism

noun:

• type of imperial banquet held during the Heian period and later
• being dead drunk; being very drunk - original meaning - archaism

noun:

• sword-shaped stoneware found in archeological sites in eastern Japan dating to the end of the Jomon period

expression:

• just as it is reassuring to have a companion when traveling, it is important for us to care for each other as we pass through this life

expression:

• walk a mile in other's shoes to understand their suffering; you can't appreciate others' suffering until you've gone through it yourself; pinch yourself and know others' pain [literal] - proverb

noun:

• fumi-e; fumie; tablet bearing Christian images, on which Edo-period authorities forced suspected Christians to trample
• allegiance test; loyalty test - idiom

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to go through; to pierce; to penetrate ➜ 貫く【つらぬく】
• to stick to (opinion, principles, etc.); to carry out; to persist with; to keep (e.g. faith); to maintain (e.g. independence) ➜ 貫く【つらぬく】

noun / ~の noun:

• artificial product; man-made product; imitation; fake; sham
• fiction

noun:

• decoration (e.g. for a festival)
• theatrical prop (esp. a large prop in noh or kyogen, e.g. tree, well, etc.)
• crop

noun:

• vocation; lifework; calling
• sacred task (esp. the emperor's rule over the nation)
• prostitute of the second-highest class (Edo period) ➜ 天神

noun:

• samadhi (state of intense concentration achieved through meditation) ［さんまい］ - Buddhism term - From Sanskrit

suffix noun:

• being immersed in; being absorbed in; indulging in; doing to one's heart's content - usu. ざんまい
• prone to; apt to - usu. ざんまい

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to speak through one's tears; to speak with tears in one's eyes

noun:

• main street (esp. in a capital); main thoroughfare ➜ 小路【こうじ】
• most important of the three classes of highway (ritsuryo period) ［たいろ］ - archaism

noun:

• young person acting like an old person
• officials who helped the council of elders during the Edo period ➜ 老中

noun:

• low-class prostitute who was kept in a sort of cage at the front of the establishment (Edo period)

noun:

• Shinsengumi; shogunate police and military force located in Kyoto and dedicated to suppressing anti-shogunate activities (Edo period)

noun:

• puppet powered by (falling) water; water-powered contrivance; show using such a device (in Edo-period Osaka)

noun:

• prize archery
• imperial archery event held annually on the 18th day of the first lunar month (Heian period)

noun:

• teyo-dawa speech; mid-Meiji period schoolgirl slang in which sentence-end particles "teyo" and "dawa" were used prominently