ichidan verb / transitive:

• to start; to begin; to commence; to initiate; to originate
• to open (e.g. a store); to start up; to establish (business. etc.)

auxiliary verb / ichidan verb:

• to start ...; to begin to ... - after the -masu stem of a verb ➜ 為始める

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to toss (i.e. one's head); to wave (i.e. a flag); to stand up energetically; to raise one's voice

noun:

• pile; heap; layers (e.g. of clothing); set (e.g. of boxes); course (e.g. of stones) - esp. 重ね

counter:

• counter for things that are stacked, piled up (or layered, etc.) - esp. 重ね; used after a word from the "hito-futa-mi" counting system

noun:

• layers of clothing worn under one's overcoat - esp. 襲
• combination of colors created by layering of garments (colours) - esp. 襲 - abbreviation ➜ かさねの色目【かさねのいろめ】

noun:

• (of the) genre painting style; (of the) style of painting that depicts people's customs and manners; (of the) type of painting that denotes the life of ordinary people - four character idiom

godan ~つ verb / intransitive verb:

• to lead; to take the lead (in doing something)
• to precede; to go before; to take precedence
• to die before (esp. one's spouse, parents, etc.)
• to be a prerequisite

godan ~く verb / transitive:

• to scatter; to disseminate (e.g. a rumor); to spread (e.g. germs); to broadcast
• to distribute widely (e.g. leaflets); to hand out freely; to spend recklessly

noun:

• not exceeding; and downward; ... and below
• below (e.g. standard); under (e.g. a level)
• the below-mentioned; the following; the rest

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to come apart at the seams; to be ripped; to be torn ➜ 綻ぶ【ほころぶ】
• to begin to open; to begin to bloom ➜ 綻ぶ【ほころぶ】
• to smile broadly; to break into a smile ➜ 綻ぶ【ほころぶ】

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to turn up (hem, sleeves, etc.); to fold back (e.g. page)
• to turn back; to double back; to return
• to loopback (a signal, message, etc.) - IT term

noun:

• being frustrated because something is not quite as hoped (just as one cannot scratch an itch from outside a shoe); having an itch that one cannot scratch - four character idiom

adverb / ~と adverb / ~する noun:

• exactly; precisely; punctually; on the dot - onomatopoeia
• closely; tightly; (fitting) perfectly - onomatopoeia
• properly; without fail - onomatopoeia

noun / ~する noun:

• setting sail; putting out to sea
• starting anew; embarking on something new - idiom

noun:

• shadow or cloud (e.g. on someone's happiness); shade; gloom

noun / ~する noun:

• devoting oneself to; concentrating on; commitment; admiration; adoration
• tipping over and collapsing - orig. meaning - archaism

noun:

• cold rice
• hanger-on; dependent ［ひやめし］ - abbreviation ➜ 冷や飯食い【ひやめしくい】
• disgraced former actor ［ひやめし］

expression / noun:

• prohibition on women entering (usu. for religious reasons); no female admission

noun:

• overnight stay when traveling (travelling) ➜ 旅寝
• sleeping on grass in an open field

noun:

• hanger-on; follower; flunky; sycophant
• purse strapped round one's waist

noun:

• being unable to make up one's mind; sitting on the fence - four character idiom ➜ 首鼠

noun:

• being devoted; spending all one's time and energy on

noun:

• usu. the drop between collar and bottom hem on kimono, yukata, etc.

noun:

• late 19C woodblock prints, using imported aniline dyes
• red painting on ceramics

noun:

• experienced value (marketing term used for valuing products on customer subjective basis)

noun:

• sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway (Mar. 20, 1995)

noun:

• neckband; round upright collar (on some traditional Japanese clothing) ➜ 上頸