noun:

• cabinetwork; joinery - usu. 指(し)物
• hair ornament; hairpin - often 挿(し)物
• colours; banner; small banner worn by soldiers during battle (for identification) from the Sengoku period to the end of the Edo period - archaism

noun:

• earth; soil; dirt; clay; mud
• the earth (historically, esp. as opposed to the heavens); the ground; the land
• low-quality torinoko-gami (containing mud) ➜ 鳥の子紙
• (period of) refraining from construction in the direction of the god of the earth (in Onmyōdō) - also written as 犯土, 椎, 槌 ➜ 陰陽道

noun:

• indigenous person; inhabitant of a country
• local; native ［くにびと］
• local lords and samurai
• daimyo who did not leave his domains to meet the shogun in Kyoto (during the Muromachi period) ［くにうど・くにゅうど］ ➜ ざいこくしゅう

noun:

• leg trip (in sumo, judo, etc.) - Sumo, Martial Arts term
• foothold; pedal

adverbial noun:

• nearly (used to estimate a period of time by rounding up incomplete units) ➜ 丸【まる】

noun:

• vocation; lifework; calling
• sacred task (esp. the emperor's rule over the nation)
• prostitute of the second-highest class (Edo period) ➜ 天神

noun:

• eldest child; oldest child; first-born child
• child who carries on the family name
• pre-ritsuryo official established in key provinces, responsible for administration of his home and surrounding provinces - archaism ➜ 律令制・総領【すべおさ】
• head of a warrior clan (Kamakura period) - archaism

noun:

• palace room for government officials or ladies in waiting
• room inside a palace or private estate allocated to employees; person living in such a room
• boarding house for trainee administrators (Ritsuryo period) ➜ 大学寮

noun:

• lady's pin money (pocket money); payment to a cosmetician ［けしょうりょう］
• cosmetic material ［けしょうりょう］
• dowry (Edo period)

noun:

• taking someone around
• guidance
• parading a criminal through town before their execution (Edo period) - archaism

noun:

• pitch; tone; key
• time; tempo

noun / suffix:

• mood; tendency; style

noun:

• tax paid in kind (ritsuryo period); first a tax on rice fields and households, then on individuals - also 徴 - archaism

noun:

• your native country; your hometown - honorific language
• my home country (i.e. Japan) - polite language
• countryside; country
• daimyo's territory (Edo period) - archaism

noun:

• hanger-on; dependent
• someone who is received coldly
• third, fourth, fifth, etc. sons (during the Edo period when only the oldest male could inherit an estate) - familiar language

noun:

• place containing a Buddhist image
• place containing a buddha (e.g. the pure land) ➜ 極楽・浄土
• independent workshop of Buddhist sculptors (from the Heian period onward) ➜ 造仏所

noun:

• tatami-mat room rented out for meetings, meals, etc.
• place for assignations
• (Edo-period) brothel

noun:

• drawstring purse; money pouch
• pouch of fried tofu stuffed with var. ingredients, used in oden ➜ 御田【おでん】
• unlicensed prostitute (Edo period) - archaism

noun / ~する noun:

• writing with the brush in one's mouth

noun:

• foreword; preface
• affidavit; written confession (of a commoner in the Edo period)

noun:

• being kept standing (without doing anything); remaining on one's feet
• beggar; tramp
• prostitute; streetwalker
• tout (for a hostess bar)
• street drug pusher
• day laborer standing and waiting for a job.

noun:

• heavenly god; heavenly gods - also pronounced てんしん
• spirit of Sugawara no Michizane
• Tenmangu shrine (dedicated to Michizane's spirit) ➜ 天満宮
• pit of a dried plum; dried plum - colloquialism ➜ 梅干し
• tenjin hairstyle - abbreviation ➜ 天神髷
• prostitute of the second-highest class (Edo period)

adjectival noun:

• cool (temperature, color, etc.)
• cool (i.e. calm and collected)
• cool (i.e. fashionable, attractive, etc.)

noun:

• course (of medical treatment) - From German "Kur"
• season (series) of a television program (usu. 13 installments over a 3-month period) - From French "cours"

noun:

• rotation ➜ 周り
• making the rounds
• spreading
• effect; efficacy

suffix noun / noun:

• by way of; via

suffix / counter:

• round; turn
• size
• 12-year period; 12-year age difference

noun / suffix:

• stuffing; packing - づめ when a suffix

noun:

• end (esp. the foot of a bridge)
• lowest-ranking guest at tea ceremony
• tea master
• endgame (esp. in shogi or used figuratively)
• sweet eel sauce - abbreviation
• middle-aged woman - archaism

suffix noun:

• appointment to a particular workplace
• using as the sole ground of judgement (judgment)
• continuing; keep doing for period of time - after the -masu stem of a verb

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to drop; to lose; to let fall; to shed (light); to cast (one's gaze); to pour in (liquid); to leave behind
• to clean off (dirt, makeup, paint, etc.); to remove (e.g. stains or facial hair); to lose; to spend money at a certain place; to omit; to leave out; to secretly let escape
• to lose (a match); to reject (an applicant); to fail (a course); to defeat (in an election)
• to lower (e.g. shoulders or voice); to lessen (e.g. production or body weight); to worsen (quality); to reduce (e.g. rank or popularity); to speak badly of; to make light of; to fall into straitened circumstances
• to fall into (e.g. a dilemma or sin); to make one's own; to have one's bid accepted; to force surrender; to take (e.g. an enemy camp or castle); to forcefully convince; to press for a confession; to deal with
• to download; to copy from a computer to another medium - IT term
• to make someone swoon (judo) - Martial Arts term
• to finish a story (e.g. with the punch line)
• to finish (a period, e.g. of fasting)

noun:

• muscle; tendon; sinew
• vein; artery
• fiber; fibre; string
• line; stripe; streak
• reason; logic ➜ 筋が通る
• plot; storyline
• lineage; descent
• school (e.g. of scholarship or arts)
• aptitude; talent
• source (of information, etc.); circle; channel
• well-informed person (in a transaction)
• logical move (in go, shogi, etc.)
• ninth vertical line - Shōgi term
• seam on a helmet
• gristly fish paste (made of muscle, tendons, skin, etc.) - abbreviation ➜ 筋蒲鉾
• social position; status - archaism

suffix noun / noun / ~の noun:

• on (a river, road, etc.); along

suffix / counter:

• counter for long thin things; counter for roads or blocks when giving directions
• (Edo period) counter for hundreds of mon (obsolete unit of currency) - archaism

noun:

• the whole world
• the whole country
• society; the public
• supremacy over a nation; government of a country; the ruling power
• having one's own way; doing as one pleases

~の noun:

• peerless; incomparable; superlative; world-famous

noun:

• shogun (Edo period) - archaism

noun / prefix / suffix:

• medium; average; middle

noun:

• moderation
• middle school - abbreviation ➜ 中一・中学校
• China - abbreviation ➜ 中国
• volume two (of three) - abbreviation ➜ 中巻

suffix noun:

• during (a certain time when one did or is doing something); under (construction, etc.); while ➜ 話し中
• in; out of (e.g. three out of ten people) ➜ 中【じゅう】