noun:

• Islamic holy books (the Pentateuch, the Book of Psalms, the Gospels and the Koran)

particle:

• indicates sentence subject (occasionally object)
• indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions)

conjunction:

• but; however; still; and
• regardless of; whether (or not) - after the volitional form of a verb

noun:

• paper width
• allotted number of pages (e.g. for article in magazine); assigned space
• binding for calligraphy and paintings

noun:

• the beauty to be found in poverty and simplicity; subdued taste; quiet refinement; sober refinement; wabi

noun:

• wealthy women who strive to follow the fashions exactly and be seen in all the right place

noun:

• Great Leap Forward (failed attempt to industrialize China and increase agricultural production, from 1958-1960)

noun / ~する noun:

• significant breakthrough; great strides

expression:

• look carefully where your own footsteps fall; seek enlightenment by knowing yourself and not by watching others; know thyself

noun:

• type of dancing and shouting performed by fans at concerts (usu. idol concerts)

noun:

• paste similar to miso made from koji mold and salt water
• watery mash left over from making soy sauce

noun:

• woman who earns her living by entertaining with song, dance and playing the shamisen; geisha who sings at parties

noun:

• group of persons working at the imperial court (Yamato period)
• various craftsmen and artisans under the ritsuryo system

noun:

• kanji reading that has not been approved by the government (and is not to be taught in public schools)

noun:

• Tilapia (large genus of cichlid fish in the Cichlidae family endemic to Africa and the Middle East)

noun:

• sacking; bagging
• land that is surrounded by others' private property and is not directly accessible via public roads ➜ 裏地

noun:

• luo han guo (Siraitia grosvenorii); herbaceous perennial vine native to China and Thailand; fruit of the Siraita grosvenorii

expression / noun:

• lost twenty years [literal]
• period of economic stagnation in Japan that began ca. 1991 and not over in the 2010s

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to fall out and be replaced; to shed; to moult (molt)

noun:

• German silver; nickel silver
• silver coinage imported to Japan during the late Edo and early Meiji periods

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to rub together
• to reconcile (ideas, proposals, plans); to compare and adjust

noun:

• cooked and dry packed rice (modern version of hoshii rice); processed quick-cooking rice ➜ 糒

noun:

• cooked and dry packed rice (modern version of hoshii rice); processed quick-cooking rice ➜ 糒

expression / noun:

• bending from the hips with the legs straight and head nearly to the ground; deep forward bow

noun:

• room that cannot be entered (e.g. because it's locked from the inside)
• secret room

noun:

• captain (Army, U.S. Marine Corps, USAF); lieutenant (Navy); flight lieutenant (RAF, RAAF, RNZAF, etc.) - pron. だいい in ref. to the old Japanese navy

expression:

• for (e.g. "she dances well for an eight-year old"); considering it's (something or someone)