expression:

• suffix used to negate a verb in the past tense - polite language - archaism ➜ ませんでした

expression:

• suffix used to negate a verb in the non-past tense - Kansai dialect ➜ ない

interjection:

• humph; hmph

noun:

• Ama no Nuhoko; the heavenly jeweled spear used by Izanagi and Izanami - archaism ➜ オノコロ島

noun:

• formal folding fan made of hinoki cypress (formerly used by court ladies) ➜ 檜扇

noun:

• mountain language (euphemisms used by hunters, etc. when in the wild) ➜ 忌み詞

noun:

• short clip used to begin and end commercial breaks on Japanese TV - From English "eyecatch"

noun:

• ancient type of koto with 13 strings used in Gagaku music

noun:

• rock tripe (edible lichen used as medication in Korea, China and Japan)

noun:

• mother (fungal colony used to start fermentation); starter culture; seed fungus

noun:

• cabinet with double doors (used by the nobility to store books, etc.) ➜ 厨子

noun:

• stick used to drive off birds (during the New Year's procession) - archaism ➜ 鳥追

noun:

• toad venom (used as an analgesic and cardiac stimulant in Chinese medicine)

noun:

• rough cardboard made from straw
• low-grade paper (used as a lining) - archaism

noun:

• pavilion used as the emperor's habitual residence (in Heian Palace) ➜ 十七殿

noun:

• vase used to hold flower offerings (often made of gilded copper) - Buddhism term

noun:

• fish cake (made from sardines, used as a fertilizer); sardine meal

interjection:

• heave ho (shout used by construction workers, etc. when pulling something big)

noun:

• Bopomofo; Zhuyin fuhao; Chinese transliteration system now used mainly in Taiwan

noun:

• blowfly or green bottle fly larva (oft. used as fishing bait)

expression / ichidan verb:

• to use one's intuition; to use one's instinct; to use one's head

noun:

• getting one's finger caught (e.g. in a door); getting one's finger pinched; jamming one's finger in a door ➜ 指を詰める
• yakuza finger-cutting ritual

expression:

• just as it is reassuring to have a companion when traveling, it is important for us to care for each other as we pass through this life

noun / ~する noun:

• (the privilege to have) an audience (with one's lord, a dignitary, etc.); interview (with one's superior)
• one's debut (first) appearance; debut (of a new product, work of art, actor, etc.)
• trial service (of a servant)

noun:

• technique of holding one's opponent's arm to prevent him from getting a hold on one's belt - Sumo term

noun:

• hard lump under the skin (e.g. adipous tumor, lymph node tumor, etc.)

adverb / ~と adverb / ~する noun:

• grinding against; pressing or rubbing with turning movements (e.g. someone's shoulders with one's elbow) - onomatopoeia
• rolling one's eyes; goggling one's eyes; googly eyes
• rattling sound