noun:

• Ginkgoaceae; family of flowering plants whose only extant member is the ginkgo ➜ 銀杏【いちょう】

expression:

• no skin off my nose; somebody else's problem; fire on the opposite shore [literal]

noun:

• wooden plane with a convex base curved in the cutting direction

expression:

• right on the heels of yesterday, then today ...; soon after something, and yet now ...

noun:

• moyamoya disease (rare, progressive cerebrovascular disorder caused by blocked arteries in the basal ganglia)

noun:

• requesting the testimony of an unsworn witness (who is not bound by perjury law)

noun:

• days of the month ending in 5 or 0 (when payments are often due)

expression / noun:

• casting off the drudgery of everyday life and doing as one pleases; kicking back

noun:

• Agent Orange (dioxin-laden defoliant used during the Vietnam War) ➜ 枯葉剤

noun:

• war started or ended with the push of a single 'launch' button - obscure term - From English "button war"

counter:

• counter for years (following a number in the hito-futa-mi counting system) - archaism

noun:

• Xi'an Incident (involving the arrest and confinement of Chiang Kai-shek, December 1936)

noun:

• loss of a match that is 'called' part way into the game

noun:

• immobiliser (electronic device that prevents an automobile engine from running without the key); immobilizer

noun:

• (in China) 8th note of the ancient chromatic scale (approx. A) ➜ 黄鐘【おうしき】・十二律
• sixth lunar month

noun:

• temple bell
• (in Japan) 7th note of the ancient chromatic scale (approx. G sharp) ➜ すい賓・十二律

noun:

• (in China) 4th note of the ancient chromatic scale (approx. F) ➜ 十二律・勝絶
• second lunar month

noun:

• grand purification ceremony (so-called because it was overseen by the Nakatomi family) - archaism ➜ 大祓

noun:

• dazaifu (under the ritsuryo system, governmental office with jurisdiction over Kyushu, Iki and Tsushima) ➜ 律令制

noun:

• half lotus position (meditation posture); sitting with one foot placed on the opposite thigh - abbreviation ➜ 半跏趺坐

noun:

• Meiji 27-28 Campaign (alternate name for the First Sino-Japanese war; 1894-1895) - obscure term ➜ 日清戦争

noun:

• Dioscorea tokoro (species of wild yam)
• old man living in the countryside ［やろう］

noun:

• complete state ownership of land and citizens (proclaimed by the Taika reforms) (Ritsuryo period) ➜ 私地私民

expression:

• he who touches pitch shall be defiled therewith; one rotten apple spoils the barrel - proverb

expression:

• there is no comparison between the two; it's not a same-day discussion [literal] - proverb