expression / noun:

• lost twenty years [literal]
• period of economic stagnation in Japan that began ca. 1991 and not over in the 2010s

ichidan verb:

• to carry in one's own hands; to carry in a manner that is obvious to others - colloquialism ➜ 提げる【さげる】

noun / ~の noun:

• among the mountains

noun:

• the Hakone Mountains

noun:

• between the mountains

~の noun / ~たる adjective / ~と adverb:

• brimming with fighting spirit; being strong in the will to fight; burning with combativeness - four character idiom

noun:

• free markets and open guilds (policy enacted by daimyo in the Azuchimomoyama Period (1573-1598) that weakened the strict regulations surrounding business establishment in market places and important cities, allowing new businesses to open in Joka-machi market places)

noun:

• populism (politics) - usu. ポピュリズム ➜ 人民主義
• populism; literary movement in France that emerged in the 1930s ［ポピュリスム］ - From French "populisme"

noun:

• clocks made in Japan, mainly in the Edo period; clocks that tell Japanese time

particle:

• you said; he said; she said; they said - casual quoting particle ➜ と
• if ... then - indicates supposition
• do you seriously think that - as かって; indicates a satirical or rhetorical question
• I already told you; you should know by now that; of course - indicates certainty, insistence, emphasis, etc.
• the said ... - abbr. of という
• says that ... - abbr. of と言っている
• I hear that ... - abbr. of と聞いている
• as for the term ... - abbr. of とは, というのは
• as for ... - equiv. of は topic marker

expression / noun:

• before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose
• immediate; imminent; around the corner

auxiliary verb:

• (those) who are; (that) which is; often used in relation to qualifications and requirements for a position; in the capacity of - after a noun, usu. as 〜たる者, etc. ➜ たり・たるや

noun:

• large text that appears in ads or brochures to catch the reader's attention (in copywriting) - From English "catch copy"

noun / ~する noun:

• entering the starting gate - From English "gate in"

expression:

• something that comes too late and is useless; like a chrysanthemum prepared for the ninth day of the ninth month of the lunar calendar for the Chrysanthemum festival but that blooms only on the tenth ➜ 重陽

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to persevere; to persist; to keep at it; to hang on; to hold out; to do one's best
• to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion)
• to remain in a place; to stick to one's post; to refuse to budge

adjectival noun / noun:

• one color; one colour; one article; monochrome
• same tendency; everyone being caught up in the same thing

noun / ~する noun:

• writing with the brush in one's mouth

noun:

• foreword; preface
• affidavit; written confession (of a commoner in the Edo period)

expression:

• in that way; like that; that way

expression:

• in that way; like that; that way

noun:

• Harvest festival held on the night of the tenth day of the tenth month (to send the rice paddy gods back to the mountains after harvest)

temporal noun:

• that much; as much; to that extent; only that; that alone; no more than that

noun:

• just-in-time (inventory strategy); JIT

noun:

• Just In Time Compiler - IT term

noun:

• "before the spirit of the deceased" (written on the condolence-money envelope)