noun:

• smalleye hammerhead (Sphyrna tudes, species of hammerhead shark common in the western Atlantic)

noun:

• Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1875); Russo-Japanese treaty in which Japan exchanged Sakhalin for the Kuril Islands

noun:

• Heian-period student of government administration - archaism
• Buddhist scholar; researcher at a Buddhist temple; person studying Buddhism - archaism
• learning; scholarship - archaism

noun:

• side house (to the east, west, or north of a main residence; home to women, children and servants) ➜ 寝殿造

noun:

• over-demanding parents; parents who makes selfish and unreasonable demands on behalf of their child - From English "monster parents" ➜ モンスターペアレント

noun:

• standing by at home (e.g. to prevent the spread of illness)
• being on furlough; being temporarily laid off

noun:

• group of persons working at the imperial court (Yamato period)
• various craftsmen and artisans under the ritsuryo system

noun:

• name plate on the front of a train, bus, etc.; number plate; rollsign; roll sign - From English "head mark"

noun:

• initial response (e.g. to a crisis); action in the earliest stages
• initial shock (of an earthquake); preliminary tremor

noun:

• southeasterly wind blowing around the fifth month of the lunisolar calendar (when marine fishes allegedly turn into tree sparrows)

noun:

• Tilapia (large genus of cichlid fish in the Cichlidae family endemic to Africa and the Middle East)

noun:

• luo han guo (Siraitia grosvenorii); herbaceous perennial vine native to China and Thailand; fruit of the Siraita grosvenorii

expression / noun:

• age at which even the slightest things seem funny (esp. said of a girl in the late teens)

noun:

• sinking of the South Korean navy ship Cheonan (allegedly by a North Korean torpedo; Mar. 26, 2010)

noun:

• always conducting oneself as though one were on a battlefield; being combat ready at all times (of a person) - four character idiom

expression:

• please take care of yourself; please be careful not to... (concerning one's health or well-being)

noun:

• polished gyaru; girl or young woman adhering to a toned down version of the gyaru fashion trend - colloquialism ➜ ギャル

expression / noun:

• lost twenty years [literal]
• period of economic stagnation in Japan that began ca. 1991 and not over in the 2010s

noun:

• eta (Edo period) ➜ 穢多
• administrator of a temple - Buddhism term ➜ 座主・別当・検校
• low-ranking government official with a comparatively high salary (in medieval China) - archaism

noun:

• territory of a stall vendor
• spot on a farm where the harvest would be put in order (Edo period) - archaism

noun:

• feeble anger (that one cannot act on because one is powerless); the clenching teeth of a dried sardine [literal] - idiom

noun:

• short piece (of music, writing); small work (painting, sculpture, etc.); literary sketch; essay
• small article; small item

noun:

• going out (e.g. of a fire); dying out
• fizzling out; falling through; coming to nothing

adjectival noun / ~の noun / ~たる adjective / ~と adverb / noun:

• remaining unchanged (from the old state of things); none the better for the change (if at all) - four character idiom

expression / godan ~う verb:

• to suffer a blast or indirect blow; to be subject to the surplus force of an impetus