noun:

• Japanese leek (Allium chinense); Chinese onion
• sour-sweet pickle of Japanese leek - abbreviation

noun:

• adding something to or altering a finished work of art; something added or altered in this manner

expression:

• being lavish with one's money; spending a huge sum of money at once on a treat - four character idiom

adverb / ~する noun:

• sound of something thick and soft being pierced by something sharp and hard - onomatopoeia
• containing sullen anger or discontent

noun:

• electoral system allowing for the election of multiple candidates from one district; multi-member constituent electoral system ➜ 小選挙区制

expression:

• dogs and monkeys (esp. as an example of a bad relationship, like that between cats and dogs) ➜ 犬猿

noun:

• Japanese-style business management; adoption of Japanese business practices (such as lifelong employment, seniority-based promotions, etc.)

noun:

• Last Judgment (judgment of mankind to take place when the world ends, according to various religious traditions)

noun:

• grasping one's chopsticks the same way one might hold a walking stick (a breach of etiquette)

noun:

• Miyako toad (Bufo gargarizans miyakonis, a subspecies of the Asiatic toad endemic to the Ryukyu Islands)

noun:

• peak oil (date when the peak of the world's petroleum production rate is reached)

noun:

• Smilax glabra (species of sarsaparilla, used esp. to refer to its dried rhizome, used in Chinese medicine) - obscure term ➜ 山帰来

noun:

• shrine receiving offerings from the Bureau of Divinities (pre-Meiji) or the Imperial Household Department (post-Meiji) - obsolete term

noun:

• break between the light meal and the actual serving of tea (during a formal tea ceremony)

expression:

• the grass is always greener on the other side of the fence; the neighbour's flowers are redder [literal] - proverb

noun:

• separation of farmers and samurai (system in effect from the Azuchi-Momoyama period until the Edo period)

noun:

• type of candy given to a child after it wakes up from a nap; wake-up sweets ➜ お目覚

noun:

• type of candy given to a child after it wakes up from a nap; wake-up sweets

noun:

• banded tree monitor (Varanus scalaris, species of carnivorous monitor lizard native to northwestern Australia); spotted tree goanna

noun:

• ten rulers of the afterlife (who judge the dead and determine their placement in their next life) - Buddhism term

noun:

• Board of Retainers; Kamakura- and Muromachi-period government office - esp. さむらいどころ
• samurai guard house (Heian and Kamakura periods) - esp. さぶらいどころ

noun:

• arrow with feathers that curve to the right (the second of two arrows to be fired) ➜ 甲矢

noun:

• combover; comb-over; bamboo screen head (due to looking like the slats of a bamboo screen) [literal] ➜ すだれ・バーコードヘア

noun:

• one's time (e.g. to go on stage); one's turn
• source; origin; place of production

noun:

• Japanese confectionery store (orig. one of high standing, supplying the imperial court, etc.); Japanese confectionery maker