godan ~う verb / transitive:

• to enclose; to surround; to encircle; to fence; to wall in
• to shelter (e.g. a criminal); to shield; to hide; to protect
• to keep (e.g. a mistress)
• to store (vegetables, fruit, etc.); to preserve
• to protect - archaism

noun:

• millionaire ［ちょうじゃ］
• one's superior; one's elder; one's senior
• virtuous and gentle person - archaism
• female owner of a whorehouse in a post town ［ちょうじゃ］ - archaism
• chief of a post town ［ちょうじゃ］ - archaism ➜ 宿駅

godan ~る verb / transitive:

• to knead; to thicken into a paste (stirring over a flame)
• to polish (a plan, etc.); to refine; to elaborate; to work out
• to train; to drill; to exercise
• to gloss (silk); to soften; to degum ［練る］
• to tan (leather)
• to temper (steel) - also written as 錬る

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to walk in procession; to parade; to march - also written as 邌る

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to ingest; to eat; to enter the mouth
• to be able to eat

expression / godan ~ぐ verb:

• to get excited; to be roused (to action); to get the itch (to do) - idiom

expression / adverb:

• before very long; soon; someday; one of these days; sooner or later
• of the previously mentioned; of that number; among them; among others

noun:

• tug of war (orig. a form of divination to predict whether the year will be favourable or unfavourable)
• forward puller (of a rickshaw)

noun / ~の noun:

• telepathy; tacit understanding; thought transference; communion of mind with mind - four character idiom

noun:

• non-verbal Zen Buddhist transmission to a disciple of the central tenets of Buddhism - four character idiom - Buddhism term

noun:

• chrysanthemum sake; rice wine infused with chrysanthemum, served on the Chrysanthemum Festival (September 9th, 9/9) - Food term ➜ 重陽
• strong mirin, typical of Kaga and Higo provinces - Food term ➜ 味醂【みりん】

noun:

• going through a cave, grass ring or the interior of a large Buddhistic statue, etc. (symbolizing rebirth)
• narrow grotto (into which a person can barely fit)

noun:

• kyogen; farce presented between noh plays or during the interlude of a noh play ➜ 本狂言・間狂言
• kabuki play; kabuki performance
• make-believe; ruse; trick

noun:

• sign staked to a building's ridgepole at construction time stating the building's donor, builder, date, reason for construction, etc.

expression:

• persevering through something difficult makes one stronger; whatever doesn't kill us only makes us stronger; slow but steady wins the race - proverb

noun:

• Fukko Shinto; Restoration Shinto; Reform Shinto (prominent 18th century form of Shinto, based on the classics, and free from Confucian and Buddhist influences)

noun:

• calling many harlots and entertainers and have a big party
• starting an important maneuver at the end of a game of go

expression / adjectival noun / noun / ~の noun:

• paying for one's mistakes; getting one's just deserts; suffering the consequences (of one's own actions); reap what you sow - four character idiom

expression:

• paying for one's mistakes; getting one's just deserts; suffering the consequences (of one's own actions); reaping what you sow - idiom

noun:

• amicus curiae; friend of the court - Law term

noun:

• pilaf topped with bechemal or other cheese-based sauce, then oven baked - named after the Doria family of Genoa - From Italian "Doria"
• casserole dish dedicated to the Doria family, often with green, white and red colours

particle:

• indicates possessive - occasionally ん, orig. written 乃 or 之 ➜ 乃
• nominalizes verbs and adjectives
• substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases ➜ が
• (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion - often ん
• (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis - female language
• (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to push out; to project; to stick out
• to hand over (e.g. to the police)

ichidan verb / intransitive verb:

• to grow senile; to be childish with age
• to be mentally slow; to be befuddled
• to play stupid; to say something stupid (oft. on purpose; esp. as part of a comedic routine)
• to become engrossed (in something) ［ほうける］

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to be at one's wits' end; to be cornered; to be packed to the hilt [literal] ➜ 切羽【せっぱ】

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to float; to rise to the surface
• to stand out; to be visible
• to be alienated

noun:

• 100% buckwheat noodles; buckwheat noodles made from buckwheat flour only, without the addition of wheat flour ➜ 生そば【なまそば】