noun / ~の noun:

• end; final
• end of life; death

adverb:

• never; not at all ➜ 終ぞ

noun:

• only this; this much

noun / ~の noun:

• this small amount (degree, extent)

noun:

• (not) in the slightest; (not) at all - as こればかりも with neg. verb

noun:

• draining basket (traditionally made of bamboo); colander; strainer; sieve
• something full of holes ➜ ざる法【ざるほう】
• zaru soba - abbreviation ➜ ざる蕎麦
• strong drinker; someone who can drink like a fish - colloquialism

expression:

• until then; till then; up to that time
• to that extent
• the end of it; all there is to it

expression:

• natural state; being unspoilt by human touch; willows are green, flowers are crimson [literal] - from a quote by Su Shi - idiom
• spring is beautiful - proverb
• things are different by nature; all things have their characteristics - proverb

adverb / pronoun:

• where; which; who
• anyway; anyhow; at any rate

adverb:

• sooner or later; eventually; one of these days; at some future date or time

pronoun:

• both; either; any; all; whichever

interjection:

• yes; that is correct - polite language
• understood; I see; OK; okay
• present; here - as a response to a roll call
• pardon?; what's that?; come again? - with rising intonation - colloquialism
• now; here; here you go - used when calling for someone's attention or when handing something to someone
• giddy-up; giddap

adjectival noun / noun:

• too many; too much; excessive; superfluous; superabundant; extra; spare; surplus - often as 余計に

adjectival noun / ~の noun / noun:

• unnecessary; needless; uncalled-for; otiose

adverb:

• abundantly; excessively; needlessly; all the more

noun / ~の noun:

• some; any; (a) little; of some kind; of some sort

adverb:

• please
• anyway; anyhow; at any rate; after all

adjective:

• inexcusable; unjustifiable; unpardonable
• sorry; remorseful; apologetic; conscience-stricken; contrite

expression:

• excuse me; (I'm) sorry; thank you ➜ 済みません

adverb:

• unwillingly; grudgingly; reluctantly

noun:

• shaking head in refusal (to children)

interjection:

• no!; no no!; not at all

adverb / ~と adverb:

• crunching; chewing or crushing something hard; scraping; scratching - onomatopoeia

adjectival noun:

• hard and crunchy - onomatopoeia
• very skinny; emaciated; all skin and bones - onomatopoeia

adverb:

• before; previously
• ahead

expression:

• Pardon me for leaving (before you) - abbreviation - honorific language ➜ お先に失礼します

noun:

• fate; destiny
• connection; tie; bond; origin
• pretext; justification
• hetu and prataya (direct causes and indirect conditions, which underlie the actions of all things) - Buddhism term

godan ~く verb / transitive:

• to strike (with a stick, whip, etc.)
• to hit; to punch; to kick; to beat - Kansai dialect
• to go to (a place to eat, drink, etc.) - slang

noun:

• square (shape) ［ますがた］
• square bearing block (at the top of a pillar) ［斗形］
• (in a castle) rectangular space between the inner and outer gates (where troops can gather) ［ますがた］

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to rise; to go up; to come up; to ascend; to be raised Antonym: 下がる
• to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to go in
• to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade
• to get out (of water); to come ashore
• to increase - also written as 騰る in ref. to price
• to improve; to make progress
• to be promoted; to advance
• to be made (of profit, etc.)
• to occur (esp. of a favourable result)
• to be adequate (to cover expenses, etc.) - often as 〜で上がる
• to be finished; to be done; to be over
• (of rain) to stop; to lift
• to stop (working properly); to cut out; to give out; to die
• to win (in a card game, etc.)
• to be arrested ［挙がる］
• to turn up (of evidence, etc.) ［挙がる］
• to be deep fried ［揚がる］
• to be spoken loudly
• to get stage fright
• to be offered (to the gods, etc.)
• to go; to visit - humble language
• to eat; to drink - honorific language
• to be listed (as a candidate) - esp. 挙がる
• to serve (in one's master's home)
• to go north - in Kyoto

suffix / godan ~る verb:

• to be complete; to finish - after the -masu stem of a verb ➜ 出来上がる

adverbial noun / temporal noun:

• not less than; ... and more; ... and upwards ➜ 余
• beyond ... (e.g. one's means); further (e.g. nothing further to say); more than ... (e.g. cannot pay more than that)
• above-mentioned; foregoing
• since ...; seeing that ...
• this is all; that is the end; the end

adjectival noun / adverb / noun / ~の noun:

• amount necessary to fill a container (e.g. cupful, spoonful, etc.); drink (usu. alcoholic)
• full
• one squid, octopus, crab, etc.; one boat

adverb / ~の noun / adjectival noun:

• fully; to capacity - usually written using kana alone
• a lot; much - usually written using kana alone

suffix noun / adverbial noun:

• all of ...; the entire ... - usually written using kana alone

adverb / ~と adverb / ~する noun:

• refreshingly; with a feeling of relief; pleasantly; (a weight) off one's shoulder - onomatopoeia ➜ さっぱり
• shapely; neatly; refinedly
• cleanly; without trouble
• clearly; plainly; distinctly ➜ はっきり
• completely; thoroughly ➜ すっかり
• not at all (with negative sentence); not even slightly ➜ さっぱり

noun:

• head (of a household, etc.); leader; master
• owner; proprietor; proprietress
• subject (of a rumour, etc.); doer (of a deed)
• guardian spirit (e.g. long-resident beast, usu. with mystical powers); long-time resident (or employee, etc.)
• husband

pronoun:

• you - familiar language ➜ おぬし

noun:

• this way; here ［こなた］ ➜ こちら
• the person in question; he; she; him; her ［こなた］
• since (a time in the past); prior to (a time in the future) ［こなた］

pronoun:

• me ［こなた］
• you

godan ~す verb / transitive:

• to scatter; to cause a shower of
• to disperse; to distribute; to spread
• to resolve (a symptom, condition, etc.); to relieve; to get rid of; to cure
• to distract; to divert - as 気を散らす, etc. ➜ 気を散らす

suffix / godan ~す verb:

• to do ... wildly (i.e. disorderly or frequently); to do ... all over the place - after the -masu stem of a verb

noun:

• hitting; striking ➜ 打っ込む
• throwing; tossing ➜ 打っ込む
• mixing ➜ 打っ込む
• wearing ➜ 打っ込む
• bottom fishing; legering ➜ ぶっこみづり
• gap between pegs in a pachinko machine (that a ball can pass through)

ichidan verb / transitive:

• to decide; to choose; to determine; to make up one's mind; to resolve; to set one's heart on; to settle; to arrange; to set; to appoint; to fix
• to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match)
• to persist in doing; to go through with
• to always do; to have made a habit of - as 決めている
• to take for granted; to assume
• to dress up; to dress to kill; to dress to the nines
• to carry out successfully (a move in sports, a pose in dance, etc.); to succeed in doing
• to immobilize with a double-arm lock (in sumo, judo, etc.) - Martial Arts, Sumo term
• to eat or drink something; to take illegal drugs