noun:

• totally useless (fruitless) effort; wasting time on an impossible task (like trying to scoop up a reflected moon from the bottom of the sea) - four character idiom

noun:

• lucky person; someone who made a lot of money (e.g. gambling or on the stock market)
• skilled batter; batter on a hot streak - Baseball term
• accident faker; someone who jumps in front of cars on purpose to extort money
• barbershop

noun:

• hypercholesterolemia; hypercholesterolaemia (excess of cholesterol in the bloodstream)

noun:

• large ball; giant ball (e.g. as pushed by competing teams in a school sports day)

noun:

• line of defence (defense); lines (as in enemy lines, etc.)

expression / ichidan verb:

• to have grown tense (of a situation); to have become critical (and to be on the verge of a major upheaval)

noun:

• golden cuttlefish (Sepia esculenta); cuttlefish (any species in the family Sepiidae)

expression / godan ~る verb:

• to be blown inside out (of an umbrella); to become (the shape of) a sake cup [literal] - idiom

noun:

• gloss; sheen (surface quality found in unglazed pottery) ➜ 艶【つや】

noun:

• speedrun; playing through a video game for additional challenge (e.g. as quickly as possible, to obtain the highest score, without using a certain weapon, etc.) ➜ やり込み【やりこみ】

noun:

• brown meat (crab); miso-like paste found inside a crab's (and arthropods in general) intestinal area
• miso mixed with crab innards or scraps

godan ~む verb:

• to draw back; to leave (the area)

noun:

• tip-off; squealing (to the authorities)

adverb:

• a very short while ago; very early (e.g. in the morning)

noun:

• congagement; containment and engagement (in foreign affairs) - obscure term

adverb:

• while; during (the time when)

noun:

• Buddhist name; priest's name (on entering the priesthood) - Buddhism term
• posthumous Buddhist name - Buddhism term

noun:

• either; one (of the two) - どっちか is more colloquial

noun:

• bardo; state (or period) of intermediate existence between one's death and rebirth (in Japan, 49 days) - Buddhism term ➜ 中陰・四有

noun:

• little emperor; spoilt only child (in China)

expression:

• through; throughout; through (the good offices of); by way of

noun:

• High Court of Justice (UK); Parlement (France, during the ancien régime) ➜ 最高法院

noun:

• throne; (the place of) a nobleman's seat

adverb / noun / adjectival noun / ~する noun:

• bits and pieces; frizzily (as in perm) - onomatopoeia

godan ~る verb / intransitive verb:

• to plow through (a wave) (plough); to tack (against the wind)